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Clinical Correlation
Head and Neck (Kaplan)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle meningeal artery enters the skull through | Foramen spinosum |
| Laceration to middle meningeal artery results to | Epidural hematoma |
| Failure of a cleft in pharyngeal grooves to be completely obliterated results in | Brachial cyst or lateral cervical cyst |
| Cleft lip occurs when | Maxillary prominence fails to fuse with medial nasal prominence |
| It results when the palatine shelves fail to fuse with each other or the primary palate | Cleft palate |
| Presents with a triad of poor mandibular fold, cleft palate and posteriorly placed tongue | Robin sequence |
| It also presents with mandibular hypoplasia, zygomatic hypoplasia, down slanted palpebral fissures, colobomas and malformed ears | Treacher Collins syndrome |
| First arch syndrome consist of | Treacher collins syndrome and Pierre robin sequence |
| Occurs when pouch 2 and groove 2 persist, thereby forming a fistula generally found along the anterior border of SCM | Pharyngeal fistula |
| Occurs when pharyngeal grooves that are normally obliterated persist, forming a cyst usually located at mandible | Pharyngeal cyst |
| Occurs when pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4 fail to differentiate into the parathyroid glands and thymus | DiGeorge sequence |
| Cribriform plate fracture may result in | Dysosmia and CSF rhinorrhea |
| May be caused by a tumor pressing on CN IX, X, XI | Jugular foramen syndrome |
| This CN is affected first in a cavernous sinus thrombosis or by an aneurysm of internal carotid artery with other nerves affected later | CN VI |
| Typical presentation associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage | Onset of severe headache |
| Results from a rupture of a berry aneurysm in Circle of Willis | Subarachnoid hematoma |
| Common site of subarachnoid hematoma | Anterior part of Subarachnoid hematoma |
| Results from head trauma that tears superficial "bridging" cerebral veins at the point where they enter the superior sagittal sinus | Subdural hematoma |
| Results from trauma to the lateral aspect of skull which lacerate the middle meningeal artery | Epidural hematoma |
| Achieves refraction with no refractive error | Emmetropic cornea |
| A flat cornea has too little refractive power and focuses an object behind the retina resulting in | Hyperopia or farsightedness |
| A round cornea have too much refractive power, focusing an object in front of retina resulting in | Myopia or nearsightedness |
| An irregularly shaped cornea forms distorted images known as | Astigmatism |
| Results from a blockage or restriction of aqueous drainage into canals of Schlemm | Glaucoma |
| Over time the lens becomes less elastic reducing the ability to focus on near objects a condition known as | Presbyopia |
| The lens like the cornea can develop opacities known as | Cataracts |
| Lesion to this nerve result in deviation upon protrusion of the tongue towards the side of injured nerve combined with fasciculations and atrophy | CN XII |
| Characterized by episodes of sharp stabbing pain that radiates over the territory of branches of trigeminal nerve | Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) |
| Location of pain in Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) | Mandibular or maxillary branch of CN V |
| Lesion of this nerve result in drooping of the palate ipsilateral to the injured nerve and a deviation of uvula to opposite side | CN X |
| What recurrent laryngeal nerve is commonly injured | Left |
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