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AP Gov Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Government | one of humanity’s oldest and most universal institutions that serves three essential purposes: 1) to resolve conflict, 2) provide public services, 3) defend the nation against cultural attacks |
| Politics | resolving social conflict (i.e. wealth, status, health care, higher education) |
| Social Conflict | disagreements among people in a society over what the society’s priorities should be |
| Public Services | essential services that many individuals cannot provide for themselves |
| Foreign Affairs | the Constitution gives the national government exclusive power over this |
| Autocracy | the power and authority of the government in the hands of a single person |
| Monarchy | an autocracy by a king, queen, emperor, empress, tsar, tsarina |
| Absolute Monarchy | the ruler holds complete and ultimate power |
| Divine Right Theory | God gave those of royal birth the ultimate right to govern |
| Dictatorship | a form of autocracy where a single person rules, although he didn’t gain the position through inheritance |
| Totalitarian | a leader or group of leaders seek to rule all aspects of social and economic life |
| Democracy | the supreme political authority rests with the people |
| Demos | Greek for “the people” |
| Direct-democracy | democracy-when the people directly participate in the government’s decisions |
| Representative Democracy | the will of the majority is expressed through the majority is expressed through smaller elected groups |
| Republic | a representative democracy; no king or queen, the people are sovereign |
| Presidential Democracy | law-making and law-enforcing branches kept separate |
| Parliamentary Democracy | law-making and law0enforcing branches that overlap |
| ploulos | Greek for "wealth" |
| Limited Government | a government upon which strict limits are placed |
| Parliament | a bicameral legislature |
| Bicameral Legislature | Two-house |
| Social Contract | what colonial American government was founded upon |
| Social Contract Theory | developed byJohn Locke, Thomas Hobbs, and Jean-Jaques Rousseau; stated that individuals voluntarily agree with one another to give up some of their freedoms for an orderly government |
| Natural Rights | rights of life, liberty and property one is born with |
| Principles of American Democracy | 1) Equality in voting 2) Individual freedoms 3) Equal protection of Law 4) Majority rule and minority right 5) Voluntary consent to be governed |
| Equality in Voting | Citizens need equal opportunities to express their preferences about policies or leaders |
| Individual Freedoms | All individuals must have the greatest amount of freedom possible without interfering with the rights of others |
| Equal Protection of the Law | The law must entitle all persons to equal protection |
| Majority Rule and Minority Rights | The majority should rule, while guaranteeing the rights of minorities |
| Voluntary Consent to be Governed | The people who make up a democracy must collectively agree to be governed by the rules laid down by their representatives |
| Political Culture | patterned set of ideas, values and ways of thinking about politics |
| Liberty | state of being free from external controls an d restrictions |
| Capitalism | private ownership of wealth producing property |
| Free Markets | markets in which people can freely buy and sell goods, services and government |
| Multiculturalism | the belief that the many cultures that make up American society should remain distinct and be protected |
| Ideology | refers to a system of political ideas |
| Liberalism | traces its roots to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt; "big government" concept |
| Conservatism | also trails roots to the Roosevelt administration; high values on the principles of law and order, states' rights, family valuesand individual initiative |
| Big Government Concept | government intervention to aid economically disadvantaged groups and to promote equality |
| Progressivism | early twentieth century supporters believed stronger government was necessary to counterbalance the growing power of large corporations |
| Moderates | rarely classified as liberal or conservative, independent |
| Radical Left | those who would like major changes in the political order, usually to promote egalitarianism |
| Egalitarianism | human equality |
| Radical Right | includes reactionaries, those who wish to turn the clock back to some previous era when there weren't so many civil rights for the nations' minorities and women |
| Ideologues | usually fit easily on one side or the other of the political spectrum |
Created by:
Kimmy Yamaguchi
Popular American Government sets