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Medical language 2-4
chapter 2-5 EXPLORING MEDICAL LANGUAGE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| specifies the body part to which the term refers (O OR I is used in combining forms) | ROOTS/COMBINING FORMS |
| appear at the beginning of a word and tell the how,why,where,when,how much,how many,position,direction, time or statues | PREFIXES |
| always at the end of a word usually indicates a procedure used to diagnose or fix it. | SUFFIX |
| through, complete | dia- |
| painful,abnormal,difficult,labored | dys- |
| above, excessive | hyper- |
| below,incomplete | hypo- |
| after,beyond,change | meta- |
| new | neo- |
| before | pro- |
| cancer(disease characterized by the unregulated abnormal growth of new cells) | cancer/0, carcin/o |
| cause(of disease) | eti/o |
| knowledge | gno/0 |
| physician,medicine (also means treatment) | iatr/o |
| smooth | lei/o |
| tumor,mass | onc/o |
| disease | path/o |
| rod-shaped,striated | rhabd/o |
| body | somat/o |
| gland | aden/o |
| cell | cyt/o |
| epithelium | epitheli/o |
| fiber | fibr/o |
| tissue | hist/o |
| nucleus | kary/o |
| fat | lip/o |
| muscle | my/o |
| nerve | neur/o |
| organ | organ/o |
| flesh,connective tissue | sarc/o |
| system | system/o |
| internal organs | viscer/o |
| green | chlor/o |
| color | chrom/o |
| blue | cyan/o |
| red | erythr/o |
| white | leuk/o |
| black | melan/o |
| yellow | xanth/o |
| pertaing to | -al,-ic, -ous |
| cell | cyte (note:the combing term for cell is -cyt/o;the suffix for cell is -cyte, ending in an E |
| substance or agent that produces or causes | -gen |
| producing,origination,causing | -genic |
| one who studies and treats(specialist,physician) | -logist |
| study of | -logy |
| resembling | -oid |
| tumor,swelling | -oma |
| abnormal condition(means increase(+)when used with blood cell word roots) | -osis |
| disease | -pathy |
| condition of formation development,growth | -plasia |
| growth,substance,formation | -plasm |
| malignant tumor | -sarcoma |
| state of | -sis |
| control,stop,standing | |
| RBC | red blood cells (erythrocyte) |
| WBC | white blood cells (leukocyte) |
| XRT | radiation therapy |
| PX | prognosis |
| CA | carcinoma |
| CHEMO | chemical therapy |
| DX | diagnosis |
| METS | metastasis |
| benign (be-NIN) | not malignant,non recurrent |
| carcinoma in situ (kar-si-NO-ma)(in SI-too) | cancer in the early stages before invading surrounding tissue |
| chemotherapy (chemo) | treatment of cancer |
| front | anter/o |
| tail(downward) | caud/o |
| head(upward) | cephal/o |
| away(from the point of attachment of a body part) | dist/o |
| back | dors/o |
| below | infer/o |
| side | later/o |
| middle | medi/o |
| back,behind | poster/o |
| near(the point of attachment of a body part) | proxim/o |
| above | super/o |
| belly(front) | ventr/o |
| bi- (prefix) | two |
| uni-(prefix) | one |
| ad-(suffix) | toward |
| ior-(suffix) | pertaining to |
| toward the tail (down) | cau-dad |
| toward the head (up) | ceph-a-lad |
| pertaning to a side | (lat) Lat-er-al |
| pertaining to the middle | medial (MED) |
| pertaining to one side (only) | unilateral u-ni-LAT-er-al |
| pertaining to two side | bilateral bi-LAT-er-al |
| pertaining to the middle and to the side | mediolateral me-de-o-LAT-er-al |
| pertaining to away(from point of attachment of a body part) | distal Dis-tal |
| near (point of attachment of a body part) | proximal |
| pertaining to below | inferior (INF) |
| pertaining to above | superior (SUP) |
| pertaining to the tail | caudal |
| pertaining to the head | cephalic |
| pertaining to the front | anterior (ANT) |
| pertaining to the back | posterior |
| pertaining to the back | dorsal |
| pertaining to the belly (front) | ventral |
| pertaining to the front and to the back | anteroposterior (AP) an-ter-o-pos-TER-e-or |
| pertaining to the back and to the front | posteroanterior (PA) |
| semi-sitting position w/ slight elevation of the knees (bed raised 30-90o | Fowler position |
| lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups | lithotomy position |
| sitting erect in a chair or sitting upright in bed supported by pillows behind the head and chest (also called orthopneic position) | orthopnea position |
| lying on abdomen facing downward (head maybe turned to one side) | prone position |
| lying down in any position | recumbent position |
| lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back | Sims position |
| lying on back facing upward | supine position |
| lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet | Trendelenburg position |
| outer layer of skin | epidermis |
| horny,or cornified,layer composed of protein | keratin |
| color or pigmentation ot the skin | melanin |
| inner layer of skin (also known as TRUE SKIN) | dermis |
| tiny,coiled,tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skins surface and secrete sweat | sudoriferous (sweat) glands |
| secrete sebum (oil) in to the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis | sebaceous glands |
| skin | cutane/o,derm/o,dermat/o |
| sweat | hidr/o |
| horny tissue, hard | kerat/o |
| nail | onych/o,ungu/o |
| sebum(OIL) | seb/o |
| trich/o | hair |
| self | aut/o |
| life | bi/o |
| dust | coni/o |
| hidden | crypt/o |
| other | heter/o |
| fungus | myc/o |
| death(cells,body) | nerc/o |
| thick | pachy/o |
| wrinkles | rhytid/o |
| grape like clusters | staphyl/o |
| twisted chains | strept/o |
| dry | xer/o |
| on,upon,over | epi- |
| within | intra- |
| beside,beyond,around,abnormal | para- |
| through | per- |
| under,below | sub- |
| through,across,beyond | trans- |
| noun suffix, no meaning | -a |
| berry-shaped(form of bacterium) | -coccus(pl.-cocci) |
| excision or surgical removal | -ectomy |
| diseased or abnormal state,condition of | -ia |
| inflammation | -itis |
| softening | -malacia |
| view of,viewing | -opsy |
| eating or swallowing | -phagia |
| sugical repair | -plasty |
| flow, discharge | -rrhea |
| instrument used to cut | -tome |
| around the navel(umbilicus) | umbilical region |
| right or left of umbilical region,near waist | lumbar regions |
| superior to the umbilical region, above stomach | epigastric region |
| right and left of the epigastric region | hypochondriac regions |
| inferior to the umbilical region (under the stomach) | hypogastric region |
| to the right and left of the hypogastric region,near the groin(inguinal region) | iliac region |
| inflammation of the skin | Dermatitis |
| abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust | dermatoconiosis |
| fibrous tumor of the skin | dermatofibroma |
| inflammation of a sweat gland | hidradenitis |
| condition of smooth skin | leiodermia |
| white skin(white patches caused by pigmentation) | leukoderma |
| abnormal condition of a hidden nail(also known as ingrown nail) | onychocryptosis |
| softening of the nails | onychomalacia |
| abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails | onychomycosis |
| eating the nails (nail biting) | onychophagia |
| diseased state around the nail | paronychia |
| discharge of sebum (excessive) | seborrhea |
| abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair | trichomycosis |
| dry skin(mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratization and noninflammatory scaling | xeroderma |
| scraping of skin by mechanical process or injury | abrasion |
| localized collection pus | abscess |
| inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles | acne |
| precous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from precancerous skin condition from excessive exposure to sunlight(could evolve in to squamous cell carcinoma) | actinic keratosis |
| congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes | albinism |
| epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure | basal cell carcinoma(BCC) |
| an infection of the skin mouth (also known as THRUSH) | candidiasis |
| skin infection composed of a cluster of boil caused by staphylococcal bacteria | carbuncle |
| inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection leading to redness,swelling and fever | cellulitis |
| injury with no break in the skin characterized by pain selling and discoloration (bruise) | contusion |
| non-infectious inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,blisters,scabs,and itching | eczema |
| slit or crack like sore in the skin | fissure |
| painful skin node caused staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (boil) | furuncle |
| death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion(a form of necrosis) | gangrene |
| inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus(small blisters in clusters) | herpes |
| superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci | impetigo |
| the invasion of pathogens in body tissue(becomes an infection when pathogen gain access to vascular or lymphatic system and become disseminated throughout the body | infection |
| view of life(removal of living tissue from the body to be view under microscope | Biopsy(bx) |
| surgical repair using ones own skin(skin graft,autograft) | dermatoautoplasty |
| surgical repair using skin from others (allograft) | dematoheteroplasty |
| instruments used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts) | dermatome |
| surgical repair of the skin | dermatoplasty |
| excision of a nail | onychectomy |
| excision of wrinkles(facelift) | rhytidectomy |
| surgical repair of wrinkles | rhytidoplasty |
| destruction of tissue with hot or cold instrument electric current or caustic substance(cautery) | cauterization |
| destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by liquid nitrogen | cryosurgery |
| removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound | debridement |
| procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material,such as sandpaper | dermabrasion |
| removal by cutting | excision |
| surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from lesion,wound,or cavity | incision and drainage(I&D) |
| procedure using an instrment that omits a high powered beam of light used to cut,burn,vaporize,or destroy tissue | laser surgery |
| technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers | Mohs surgery |
| to stitch edges of a wound surgically | suturing |
Created by:
caustic24
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