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Chapter 2
Medical Terminilogy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| col/o | colon |
| caud/o | lower part of body, tail |
| cephal/o | head |
| cyt/o | cell |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| hist/o | tissue |
| lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal wall |
| path/o | disease, suffering, feeling, emotion |
| oste/o | bone |
| retr/o | behind, backward, back of |
| -stasis | control, maintenance of a constant level |
| abdominal cavity | contains primarily the major organs of digestion. frequently referred to as the abdomen |
| adenectomy | the surgical removal of a gland |
| adenocarcinoma | is a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
| adenoma | a benign tumor that arises in , or sesembles glandular tissue benign means not life threatening |
| adenomalacia | the abnormal softening of a gland |
| adenosclerosis | the abnormal hardening of a gland |
| anaplasia | a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
| bloodborne transmission | the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood |
| caudal | toward the lower part of the body |
| cephalic | toward the head |
| chromosomes | the genetic structur5es located within the nucleus of each cell |
| communicable disease | any condition that is transmitted from one person to anoter either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| congenital disorder | is an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| cytoplasm | the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
| distal | means situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure, |
| dorsal | refers to the front, or belly side of the organ or body |
| dysplasia | is abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs |
| endemic | refers to oigoing presence |
| coron/o | coronary, crown |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| abdominopelvic | abdomen and pelvic cavities together, pelvic cavitiy forms the organs of the reproductive an excretory systems |
| adenitis | inflammation of the glands |
| adenosis | any disease condition of a gland |
| adipose | aka fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support and acts as a nutrient reserve |
| anatomy | the study of the structures of the body |
| physiology | the study of the functions of these structures |
| anomaly | a deviation from what is regarded as normal |
| anterior | situated in the front, or on the forward part of an organ |
| aplasia | lack of development of an organ or tissue a-without plasia- formation |
| anaplasia` | is a change in structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
| ascites | is an abnormal accumulation of clear or milky serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| coronal | pertaining to the head or crown |
| cytology | the study of the structure of cells, chromosomes, DNA, and genetics |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | chromosomes are organized as 2 long, coiled molecules |
| endocrine gland | which secrete hormones, do not have ducts |
| epidemic | is a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a population group or area |
| epidemiologist | specializes in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group |
| epigastric | located above the stomach |
| epithelial | form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body |
| etiology | the study of the causes of diseases |
| exocrine | such as sweat glands, secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body |
| geneticist | a specialist in the field of genetics |
| hemophilia | a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing |
| histologist | is the specialist in the study of cells and microscopic tissues |
| histology | study of the tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific functions |
| homeostasis homeo= | maintaining a constant internal environment constant |
| hyperplasia | is an abnormal increase in the numver of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue |
| hypochondriac | means below the ribs or person with abnormal and excessive concern about his or her health |
| hypogastric | region below the stomach |
| hypoplasia | the incomplete development of an organ or tissue but is less sever in degree than aplasia |
| iatrogenic | a problem such as a side effect or an unfavorable response, arising from a prescribed medical treatement |
| idiopathic | is an illness with an unknown cause |
| iliac | pertaining to the hip bones |
| infectious | an illness caused by a pathogenic organism |
| inguinal | the entire lower region of the abdomen is aka the groin |
| laparoscopy | the visual exam of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope |
| membrane | is a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ |
| midsagittal | aka the midline, the vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves |
| nucleus | which is surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is the structure with in the cell that has two important functions |
| pandemic | refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide |
| parietal peritoneum | is the outer layer of this membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| pathologist | specializes in the study of lab analysis of tissue samples removed at operations and postmortem exam to confirm or establish a diagnos |
| pathology | the study of structural and functional changes caused by disease |
| pelvic | pertaining to the hip bone |
| peritoneum | the membrane that protects and supports the organs in the abd. cavity |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| phenylketonuria | is a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing, it can be detected by a blood test at birth. If not detected and treated early it can cause mental retardation |
| posterior | means situated in the back, it also means on the back part of an organ |
| proximal | means situated nearest the midline |
| retroperitoneal | located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity |
| sagittal | any vertical plane parallel to the midline that divides the body into unequal left and right portions |
| thoracic | or chest cavity protects the heart and lungs, |
| transvers | divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
| umbilical | surrounds the umbilicus aka the belly button or navel |
| ventral | refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ |
Created by:
jmwgreene
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