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Inner Ear
Audiology PowerPoint 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the two sensory organs located in the inner ear. | The vestibule and the cochlea. |
| Vestibule is the organ of | balance |
| Cochlea is the organ of | hearing |
| Name the main fluid that fills the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani of the cochlea. | Perilymph |
| Round window | membrane next to the oval window, allows the stapes to displace the perilymph so that vibrations can enter and exit the cochlea back into the middle ear. |
| Name the two main compartments that make up the cochlea. | The scala vestibuli (ascending) and the scala tympani (descending) |
| Name the point where the two compartments meet | The helicotrema |
| Name the third compartment of the cochlea. | The scala media, or the cochlear duct |
| Name the fluid that fills the scala media. | Endolymph |
| Endolymph | Fluid that fills the scala media. Is unlike any other extracellular fluid in that it is rich in K+, or potassium. |
| What separates the scala media from the scala vestibuli? | Reissner's membrane |
| What separates the scala media from the scala tympani? | Basilar membrane |
| Organ of Corti | Specialized structure located on the basilar membrane. As the basilar membrane vibrates, the organ of Corti is stimulated. |
| Basically, what is the transduction process? | The conversion of sound waves into electrical impulses (action potential) to be carried to the CNS |
| Cochlear nerve | Collection of all the fibers coming from the organ of Corti that runs down the middle of the cochlea. |
| Stria vascularis | filled with tiny blood vessels carrying oxygen, which is used to generate the energy needed to force endolymph to be rich in potassium |
| Specifically, describe mechano-electric transduction | this occurs when stereocilia bundle deflection stretches tip links which open ion channels in the stereocilia membrane, causing glutamate to release onto the cochlear nerve. |
| Describe the rows of hair cells in the cochlea | Three outer hair cell rows, one inner hair cell row, located on the organ of Corti |
| Tectorial membrane | structure that closely covers the hair cells--when basilar membrane vibrates, stereocilia are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to release a chemical that triggers action potential in the auditory nerve. |
| How is stereocilia arranged? | Stereocilia arrangement is asymmetrical and polarized--arranged in rows of short, intermediate, and tall stereocilia. |
| Lateral links | hold stereocilia together to form a bundle that moves as one. |
| Tip links | links stereocilia tip to tip--responsible for the transduction of sound |
| Where will sounds of high frequency displace? | mostly the base |
| Where will sounds of low frequency displace? | mostly the apex |
| Tonotopic organization | one frequency is coded at one particular place along the basilar membrane (the whole membrane is moving but there is one point where the displacement is at a maximum) |
| Glutamate | a neurotransmiter that is released onto the cochlear nerve during transduction. |
| Prestin | the molecular motor that drives outer hair cell electromotility--when OHC is displaced, conformational changes in prestin shorten and elongate the outer hair cell, leading to amplified movement of the basilar membrane. |
| spiral ganglion | cell bodies of auditory nerve fibers that reach the organ of Corti |
| supporting cells that hold the sensory hair cells | Deiter’s cells and Hensen’s cells |
| pillar cells | close to OHCs is the outer piller, close to the IHC is the inner pillar |
| Stereocilia of the outer hair cells looks like a: | v |
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