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Path 18 Liver

Path

QuestionAnswer
ab pain, ascites, hepatomegaly from obstruct of two or more major hepatic veins d/t thrombosis--> encephalopathy. Red-purple liver w tense capsule Budd-Chiari
accumulate unconj bilirubin in brain->kernicterus Erythroblastosis fetalis
Bridging fibrosis septa linking portal tracts, Parenchymal nodules of hepatocytes encircled by fibrosis, Disruption of entire liver architecture. Death of hepatocytes, deposit ECM, vasc reorganization Cirrhosis
chronic CONJUGATED hyperbilirubinemia d/t defect in hepatocell excrete of bilirubin glucuronides across canalicular membrane by multidrug resistance prot 2. liver is Black Dubin-Johnson synd
circular defective ssRNA Deltaviridae. Dependent on HBV. Only makes delta antigen (HDAg) Hep D
extrahepat bile duct obstruct=biliary atresia, gallstones, stricture, panc CA. Pruritus, jaundice, dark urine, light stools, hepatosplenomegaly. Conjug hyperbilirubinemia, increase serum ALP, bile acids, cholest. Yellow-green liver, fibrous jigsaw septa Secondary biliary cirrhosis
hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflam, steatosis. Fat people. Elevated AST and ALT, AST/ALT ratio less than 1 (above 2 in alcoholic steatohep). nonalcoholic steatohep (NASH)
Baby w prolonged conj hyperbilirubinemia. mostly caused by biliary atresia. jaundice, dark urine, light stools, hepatomega Neonatal cholestasis
mutant ATP7Bimpaired copper excretion into bile and fail to incorporate Cu into ceruloplasmin. Cu build up in liver (chronic hep), brain (putamen atrophy), eye (Kayser-Fleischer rings). Wilson disease
nothing to inhibit destructive proteasesemphysema and liver disease. PiS and PiZ (PiZZ is most common dysfnx). Round to oval cytoplasmic globular inclusions in hepatocytes Alpha1-Antitrypsin def
partially dsDNA. Most recover from acute hep, some get fulminant hep, more get chronic hep (ground-glass hepatocytes), most are healthy carrier, some cirrhosis->hepatocell CA, less recover. Unprotect sex and IV drug use. Detect HBsAg or antibods to HBcAg Hep B
ssRNA. Most common chronic blood infx/cause of liver disease. Most progress to chronic hep (20% cirrhose) (Fatty change of hepatocytes). Unprotect sex and IV drug. Lots of variability (quasispecies), no vaccine. Episodic elevate serum aminotransferases Hep C
ssRNA Hepevirus. water-borne, zoonotic. High mortality when pregnant Hep E
ssRNA Picornavirus, doesn’t cause chronic hep. IgM antibody then IgG antibody for years. Hep A
UGT1A1 completely absent->very high unconj bilirubin->jaundice/icterus Crigler-Najjar type 1
UGT1A1 greatly reduced->form monoglucuronidated bilirubin->extraordiarily yellow skin Crigler-Najar type 2
UGT1A1 reduced a little, no big deal Gilbert Syndrome
viable hepatocytes unable to function properly (tetracycline tox and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)) Hep dysfnx o Jaundice, hypoalbuminemia->periph edema, hyperammonemia->hepat encephalopathy, fetor hepaticus = “musty” or “sweet and sour” body odor from mercaptans, hyperestrogenemia->palmar erythema and spider angiomas and hypogonadism and gynecomast
young women on birth control. Benign. HNF1alpha and Beta-catenin. Pale biley Hepatic Adenoma
most common liver tumor of kids. Activates WNT/beta-catenin. Beckwith-Weidmann Hepatoblastoma
most common cause of hepat fail, cirrhosis Chronic Hep fail
most common cause of chronic liver disease in US. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD)
most common benign liver tumors. Red-blue soft nodules Cavernous hemangiomas
maternal HTN, proteinuria, peripheral edema, coag abnorm, DIC. Plus hyper-reflex and convulsions = eclampsia. o HELLP synd = Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets. Preeclampsia
massive hepatic necrosis w encephalopathy caused most often by drugs (acetomenophin), also Hep A and B Acute Hep failure
malignancy of biliary tree. Most are extrahepatic (perihilar Klatskin tumors). Firm gray w/in bile duct walls. Malignant adenocarcinoma. IL6 overexpress->AKT and anti-apoptotic prot MCL1 active. Cholangiocarcionoma
inflamm and obliterative fibrosis of intrahepat and extrahepat bile ducts. Associated w IBD. Atypical p-ANCAs, hypergammaglobulinemia. Men. Onion-skin fibrosis And another thing: - Nutmeg liver w left sided heart fail or shock Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
most common primary liver cancer. Lots of things lead to it (hepatitis, cirrhosis). Malignant Hepatocell Carcinoma (HCC)
most common biliary tract anomaly creates Phrygian cap Folded Fundus
Created by: Jakphooey
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