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UKCD Pharyngeal Arch
learning objectives for pharyngeal arches
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From which embryonic structures does the head and neck develop? | The pharyngeal (branchial) arches |
| From which do these structures arise? | Mesenchyme |
| What specific cells migrate to these arches to form the skeletal components of the face? | Neural crest cells |
| List the cranial nerve associate with each pharyngeal arch. | Pharyngeal arch I (CN V),Pharyngeal arch II (CN VII),Pharyngeal arch III (CN IX), Pharyngeal arch IV-VI (CN X – IV= superior laryngeal n., VI= recurrent laryngeal n.) |
| Which pharyngeal arch fails to develop into a head and neck structure? | Pharyngeal arch V |
| Pharyngeal arches are covered externally by ______, separated by grooves called _________, and the mesenchyme of each arch is supported by __________. | Ectoderm, pharyngeal clefts/grooves, cartilage |
| List the primary derivatives of arch 1. | 1. malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament |
| List the primary derivatives of arch 2 | 2. stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, upper half of hyoid bone |
| List the primary derivatives of arch 3 | 3. lower half and greater horns (cornu) of hyoid bone |
| List the primary derivatives of arch 4 | 4. thyroid and epiglottic cartilage |
| List the primary derivatives of arch 6 | 5. cricoid, arytenoid and corniculate cartilages of larynx |
| WHat is the muscle derivative of arch 1? | 1. mm. of mastication, anterior belly of digastrics, mylohyoid, tensor palate, tensor tympani |
| What is the muscle derivative of arch 2? | 2. mm. of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid |
| What is the muscle derivative of arch 3? | 3. stylopharyngeus, part id superior pharyngeal constrictor |
| What is the muscle derivative of arches 4-6? | 4-6. mm. of larynx and remaining mm. of pharynx and soft palate |