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SENSES 001
Olfactory and Gustatory Senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical senses for taste and smell are classified as | Chemoreceptors |
| What receptors are believed to be sensitive to as much wider range of chemicals? | Olfactory receptors |
| The sense of odors that results from the detection of odorous substances aerosolized in the environment? | Olfaction |
| It is located in the roof of the nasal cavity and along the nasal septum and medial wall of the superior nasal concha | Olfactory organ |
| The apical surfaces of the olfactory receptor neurons posses fine | Olfactory cilia |
| The olfactory nerve fibers synapse with this in the olfactory bulb | Mitral cells |
| Only cranial nerves to enter the cerebrum directly | Olfactory nerves |
| Olfactory tract divides into | Medial and lateral olfactory striae |
| Lateral olfactory striae terminates in | Piriform cortex of anterior part of temporal bone |
| Loss of smell | Anosmia |
| Chief complaint of most people with anosmia is the | Loss or alteration of taste |
| May be a clue of a fracture of the cranial base and CSF rhinorrhea | Anosmia |
| Anosmia is usually | Unilateral |
| The word "taste" comes from the Latin word | Taxare |
| Latin word of taste which means "to touch, estimate or judge" | Taxare |
| Considered by many to be the most pleasurable of our special senses | Sense of taste |
| Specific receptors for the sense of taste are widely scattered in the oral cavity | Taste buds |
| The dorsal tongue surface is covered with small peglike projections or papillae of four types: | Follate Papillae sharp Filiform Papillae Fungiform Papillae Circumvallate Papillae |
| Largest papillae of the tongue | Circumvallate papillae |
| The specific cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva are epithelial cells called | Gustatory cells |
| Long microvilli of gustatory cells | Gustatory hairs |
| Three cranial nerves which carry taste impulses from various taste buds to the gustatory cortex | CN VII, CN IX, CN X |
| Cranial nerve which serves the anterior 2/3 of the tongue | CN VII (facial nerve) |
| Cranial nerve which serves the distal 1/3 of the tongue | CN IX |
| Cranial nerve which serves the soft palate and pharynx | CN X |
| Common factor of sweet receptors of the tongue | Hydroxyl (OH) |
| Basic taste sensation which respond to hydrogen ions or the acidity of the solution | Sour receptors |
| Bitter receptors of tongue respond to | Alkaloids |
| Salty receptors of tongue respond to | Metal ions |
| The tip of the tongue was believed to be the most sensitive to | Sweet and salty |
| The sides of the tongue was believed to be the most sensitive to | Sour |
| The back of the tongue was believed to be the most sensitive to | Bitter |
| The pharynx was believed to be the most sensitive to | Umami (delicious) |
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