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IU MED TERM Chap 7
IU MED TERM Chap 7 Terms & Def
| Chap 7 Terms | Chap 7 Definitions |
|---|---|
| cytoplasm | all material within the cell membrane other than the nucleus |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) | tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process |
| granuloma | any type of nodular, inflammatory lesion; usually small; may be granular, firm, and persistent and may contain compacity grouped mononuclear phagocytes |
| mucosa | moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucous membrane |
| mucus | viscous, slippery secretion of mucous membranes that acts as a lubricant and coats and protects many epithelial surfaces, especially the respiratory and gential tracts |
| naris | nostril; opening to the nasal cavity |
| oxygen (O2) | tasteless, odorless, colorless gas essential for human respiration |
| pH | symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| respiratory failure | inability of the cardiac and pulmonary systems to maintain an adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs |
| septum | wall dividing two cavities; for example, the nasal septum that seperates the nostrils |
| sputum | secretions produced in the lungs and the bronchi that are expelled by coughing and may contain such pathological elements as cellular debris, mucus, blood, pus, caseous material, and microorganisms |
| status asthmaticus | severe, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to repeated doses of bronchodilators and may lead to respiratory failure and death |
| surfactant | lipoprotein that decreases the surface tension of alveoli and contributes to their elasticity, thereby reducing the work of breathing |
| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids, commonly associated with pulmonary insufficiency and the subsequent retention of carbon dioxide |
| anosmia | absence of or decrease in the sense of smell |
| apnea | temporary loss of breathing |
| sleep apnea | one of several disorders in which breathing during sleep stops for more than 10 seconds and usually more than 20 times/hour, causing measurable blood deoxygenation |
| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all |
| compliance | ease with which lung tissue can be stretched |
| coryza | head cold, upper respiratory infection (URI) |
| croup | common chilhood condition involing inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passagews, and sometimes, lungs characterized by resonant, barking cough; suffocative and difficult breathing; laryngeal spasm; and, sometimes, the formation of a membrane |
| deviated nasal septum | displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils |
| epiglottitis | severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age |
| epistaxis | nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage |
| finger clubbing | enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease |
| hypoxemia | deficiency of oxygen in the blood; also called anoxemia |
| hypoxia | absence or deficiency of oxygen in the tissues; also called anoxia |
| pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis |
| pneumoconiosis | generally occupational disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron (siderosis), and asbestos (asbestosis) |
| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure |
| pulmonary embolus | mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) in the pulmonary arteries or its branches |
| rale | abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called crackle |
| rhonchus | adventitious breath sound that resembles snoring, commonly suggesting secretions in the larger airways |
| stridor | high-pitched, harsh adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal and health infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death |
| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway |
| Mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen |
| oximetry | noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry |
| polysomnography | test of sleep cycles & stages using cont. recordings of brain waves(EEGs), electrical activ. of muscles, eye move.(electro-oculogram), respiratory rate, blood press., blood oxy. saturation, heart rhy. & occ. direct observ. recording during sleep |
| pulmonary function studies | multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane |
| spirometry | measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air |
| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the inside of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities |
| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes |
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | test that measures the partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2), carbon dioxide (Paco2), pH (acidity or alkalinity), and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample |
| sputum culture | microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonia |
| sweat test | measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat |
| throat culture | test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci |
| radiography | producing images using an x-ray that is passed through the body or area and captured on film |
| chest radiography | images of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA), or lateral projection, or a combination of these projections |
| scan | term used to describe a computed image by modality (such as CT scan, MRI scan, and nuclear scan) or structure (such as thyroid scan and bone scan) |
| thoracic (CT) scan | a cross-sectional view of the chest taken with or without an injected contrast medium to visualize injuries, tumors, fluid in the lungs, or other pathologies |
| lung scan | nuclear scanning procedure commonly used to diagnose blood clots and pulmonary emboli |
| aerosol therapy | inhalation of microdrops of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer (liquid), metered-dose inhaler (gas), or dry-powder inhaler (solid) |
| lavage | irrigating or washing out of an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel, or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid |
| antral lavage | irrigation of the paranasal sinuses usually performed to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management |
| postural drainage | positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs |
| rhinoplasty | reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes |
| pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal |
| pneumectomy | excision of a lung or lobe (lobectomy) of the lung |
| septoplasty | surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis |
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