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muscular system
A&P Corbit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the one function of muscle? | to contract and shorten |
| Myology= | study of muscles |
| Another name for muscle cells is? | muscle fiber |
| Describe skeletal muscle | voluntary - striated |
| Describe smooth muscle | involuntary - non striated |
| Another name for smooth muscle is | viseral |
| Describe cardiac muscle | involuntary - cardiac |
| Muscles only... | pull, they never push |
| Describe ligaments | attach bone to bone |
| Describe tendons | attach muscle to bone |
| Define fascia | covering on the muscle |
| Define periosteum | fiberous connective tissue covering the bone |
| Define origin (as it relates to muscle) | where muscle is attached to stationary part of the skeleton |
| Define insertion (as it relates to muscle) | muscle is attached to the moveable part of the skeleton |
| Define Prime mover | main muscle that is moving |
| Define Antagonist | opposite |
| Define Synergistic | works together |
| Nerve impulses for movement come from... | the frontal lobes of the cerebrum |
| Muscle impulses of _____________lobe cause eletro-chemical impulses to travel and cause muscle fibers to contract. | frontal |
| Conscious muscle sense is.... | integrated parietal lobes of the cerebrum |
| Coordination is regulated by the | cerebellum |
| Define muscle tone (tonus) | slight contraction of muscle to maintain posture |
| If a muscle is flaccid, what does it mean | flabby |
| Describe isotonic exercise | strengthens heart and respiratory system |
| Describe isometric exercise | muscles are pitted against a immovable object |
| Which type of muscle is the type most responsible for generating heat? | skeletal |
| Define sarcolemma | cell membrane of the muscle fiber |
| Define sarcomeres | contraction unit of a muscle |
| Myosin and actin are proteins of a muscle fiber, an their interaction causes | muscle contractions |
| What is the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum | stores calcium and releases it on demand when muscle fiber is stimulated to contract |
| What gives the final 'go' signal for contraction | calcium |
| The specific neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle cells is | ACh (Acetylcholine) |
| Define a muscle twitch | single muscle contraction |
| Define tetanus | sustained muscle contraction with no evidence of relaxation |
| Muscle movement Flexion is | decreased in angle of a joint |
| Muscle movement Extension is | increased in angle of a joint |
| Muscle movement abduction is | away from the mid-line |
| Muscle movement adduction is | toward the mid-line |
| Muscle movement Dorsiflexion | standing on heels |
| Muscle movement Planter flexion is | standing on toes |
| Muscle movement Supination is | rotating arm so that palm is up |
| Muscle movement Pronation is | rotating arm so that palm is down |
| Define proprioception | awareness of the position of the bones, joints & muscle |
| Within the muscle the __________ receptors detect changes | stretch |
| The impulses for muscle sense are integrated in the .... | frontal lobes of the cerebrum (conscious muscle sense) |
| In the _______________(unconscious muscle sense)to be used to promote coordination | cerebellum |
| Frontalis muscle | wrinkles your forehead |
| Orbicularis oculi muscle | wink, squint, blink |
| Orbicularis oris muscle | kissing muscle |
| Buccinator muscle | chewing muscle, largest muscle used in facial expression |
| Zygomaticus muscle | smiling muscle |
| Masseter muscle | closes the jaw |
| Platysma muscle | pulls corner of the mouth downward |
| Sternocleidomastiod muscle | decreases the angle of the neck |
| Pectoralis major muscle | across the upper chest |
| Intercostal muscles | helps breathing |
| Trapezius muscle | superficial muscle of poster neck & upper trunk |
| Latissimus dorsi muscle | large muscle across your back |
| Deltiod muscle | shoulder (injection site) |
| Biceps brachii muscle | bulges when elbow is bent |
| Triceps brachii muscle | boxers muscle |
| Gluteus maximus | extends hip, not important in walking |
| Gluteus medius | steady the pelvis during walking (injection site) |
| Iliopsoas muscle | keeps upper body from falling backwards when standing erect |
| Adductor muscles | gravity does most of the work so they get flabby |
| Hamstring group (3) | behind the knee |
| Sartorius muscle | superficial muscle of the thigh (tailor's muscle) |
| Quadriceps group (4) | vastus lateralis (site of injection for children under 3) |
| (Achilles tendon) | without it you could not take a step |
| Gastrocnemius muscle | calf of the leg |
| Describe Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | seen in boys, is sex linked (mother to son) |
| Define myasthenia gravis | muscular disorder in adults |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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