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Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | contains primarily the major organs of the digestion system |
| adenectomy | aden/ectomy surgical removal of the glands |
| adenocarcinoma | aden/o/carcin/oma malignant tumor that orginates in the glandular tissue |
| adenoma | aden/oma benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue |
| adenomalacia | aden/o/malacia abnormal softening of the gland |
| adenosclerosis | aden/o/sclerosis abnormal hardening of the gland |
| anaplasia | ana/plasia a change in the structure of a cell or in their orientation to each other |
| anatomy | the study of the structures of the body |
| anomaly | a deviation from what is regarded as normal |
| anterior | anter/ior situated in the front |
| aplasia | a/plasia the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue |
| bloodborne transmission | is the spread of the disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated |
| caudal | caud/al towards the lower part of the body |
| cephalic | cephal/ic towards or pertaining to the head |
| chromosomes | genetic structures located with in the mucsle of each cell |
| communicable disease | any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct contact or indirect contact with a contaminated object |
| congenital disorder | an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| cytoplasm | cyt/o/plasm the material within the cell membrane that is not part of nucleus |
| distal | situated farthest from the midline or beginning of the body structure |
| dorsal | dors/al refers to the back of the organ or body |
| dysplasia | dys/plasia the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissue, or organs |
| endemic | en/dem/ic refers to the on going presence of a disease within a population, group or area |
| endocrine glands | end/ocrine/glands produced hormones, but do not have ducts |
| epidemic | epi/dem/ic a sudden and wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population ,group, or area |
| epigastric region | epi/gastr/icregion is located above the stomach |
| etiology | eti/ology the study of the causes of diesase |
| exocrine glands | exo/crine glands secrete chemical substance in the duct that lead either to other organs or out of the body such as sweat glands |
| functional disorder | produces symtpoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be defined |
| genetic disorder | a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene |
| geriatrician | a physician who specializes in the care of older people |
| hemophilia | a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood |
| histology | the study of the structure, composition and function of the tissue |
| homeostasis | the process in which the body maintains a constant, internal enviroment |
| hyperplasia | hyper/plasia is the enlargment of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissue |
| hypertrophy | hyper/trophy is a general increase in the bulk of the body part or organ that is due to an increse in the size, but not in number of the cells in the tissue |
| hypogastric region | hypo/gastr/icregion is located below the stomach |
| hypoplasia | hypo/plasia incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in number of cells |
| iatrogenic illness | iatro/genic illness an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment |
| idiopathic disorder | idi/o/path/ic disorder an illness without known cause |
| infectious disease | an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses |
| inguinal | relating to the groan, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomin |
| medial | the direction towards, or nearer the midline |
| mesentery | a fused double later of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
| midsagittal plane | also known as the midlin, is the plane that devides the body into two equal left and right halves |
| nosocomial infection | a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| pandemic | refers to an outbreak of disease occuring over a large geographic area possibly world wide |
| pelvic cavity | is the spacve formed by the hip bone and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory |
| peritoneum | multilayered membrane that protects and holds |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| phenylketonuria | An inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing, |
| physiology | the study of the functions of the structures of the body |
| posterior | poster/ior behind, towards the back |
| proximal | situated nearest the midline or beginning of the body structure. |
| retroperitoneal | retro.periton/eal located behind the peritoneum |
| stem cells | unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division |
| thoracic cavity | surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs. |
| transverse plane | a horizontal plane that the divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions |
| umbilicus | the pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth |
| ventral | refers to the front or belly side of the organ or body |
| vector-borne | vector-borne Occurs when an animal, especially an insect, transfers an infectious agent from one host to another |
| transmission | 1.The action or process of transmitting something or the state of being transmitted: "the transmission of the HIV virus". |
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