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Organ Systems
primary functions of organ systems
| front | back |
|---|---|
| Cutaneous Membrane | Integ sys.- Epidermis & Dermis |
| Epidermis | Integ sys.- Covers surface; protects deeper tissues |
| Dermis | Integ sys.-Nourishes epidermis; provides strength; contains glands |
| Hair Follicles | Integ sys.-Produce hair; innervation provides sensation |
| Hairs | Integ sys.-Prove some protection for head |
| Sebaceous Glands | Integ sys.-Secrete lipid coating that lubricates hair shaft and epidermis |
| Sweat Glands | Integ sys.-Produce perspiration for evaporative cooling |
| Nails | Integ sys.- Protect and stiffen distal tips of digits |
| Sensory receptors | Integ sys.- Provide sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, pain |
| Subcutaneous layer | Integ sys.- Stores lipids; attaches skin to deeper structures |
| Bones, Cartilages, and Joints | Skeletal system- Support, protect soft tissues; bones store minerals |
| Axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum, supporting cartilages and ligaments) | Skeletal system- Protects brain, spinal cord, sense organs, and soft tissues of thoracic cavity, supports the body weight over the lower limbs |
| Appendicular skeleton (limbs and supporting bones and ligaments) | Skeletal system- Provides internal support and positioning of the limbs; supports and moves axial skeleton |
| Bone Marrow | Skeletal system- Primary site of blood cell production (red marrow); storage of energy reserves in fat cells (yellow marrow) |
| Skeletal Muscles | Muscular system- Provide skeletal movement; control entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts and exits of digestive and urinary tracts; produce heat; support skeleton; protect soft tissues |
| Axial muscles | Muscular system- Support and position axial skeleton |
| Appendicular muscles | Muscular system- Support, move, and brace limbs |
| Tendons, Aponeuroses | Muscular system- Harness forces of contraction to perform specific tasks |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Nervous system- Acts as control center for nervous system: processes information; provides short-term control over activities of other systems |
| Brain | Nervous system- Performs complex integrative functions; controls both voluntary and autonomic activities |
| Spinal Cord | Nervous system- Relays info to and from brain; performs less-complex integrative functions; directs many simple involuntary activities |
| Special senses | Nervous system- Provide sensory input to the brain relating to sight, hearing, smell, taste, and equilibrium |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Nervous system- Links CNS w/ other systems and with sense organs |
| Pineal Gland | Endocrine system- May control timing of reproduction and set day-night rhythms |
| Pituitary Gland | Endocrine system- Controls other endocrine glands; regulates growth and fluid balance |
| Thyroid Gland | Endocrine system- Controls tissue metabolic rate; regulates calcium levels |
| Parathyroid Gland | Endocrine system- Regulate calcium levels (w/ thyroid) |
| Thymus | Endocrine system- Controls maturation of lymphocytes |
| Adrenal Glands | Endocrine system- Adjust water balance, tissue metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory activity |
| Kidneys | Endocrine system- Control red blood cell production and elevate blood pressure |
| Pancreas | Endocrine system- Regulates blood glucose levels |
| Gonads | Endocrine system- Testes & Ovaries |
| Testes | Endocrine system- Support male sexual characteristics and reproductive functions |
| Ovaries | Endocrine system- Support female sexual characteristics and reproductive functions |
| Heart | Cardiovascular system- Propels blood; maintains blood pressure |
| Blood Vessels | Cardio sys.- Distribute blood around the body |
| Arteries | Cardio sys. - Carry blood from heart to capillaries |
| Capillaries | Cardio sys.- Permit diffusion b/w blood and interstitial fluids |
| Veins | Cardio sys.- Return blood from capillaries to the heart |
| Blood | Cardio sys.- Transports O2, CO2, and blood cells; delivers nutrients and hormones; removes waste products; assists in temperature regulation and defense against disease |
| Lymphatic Vessels | Lymphatic Sys.- Carry lymph (water and proteins) and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to veins of the cardio sys. |
| Lymph Nodes | Lymphatic Sys.- Monitor the composition of lymph; engulf pahtogens; stimulate immune response |
| Spleen | Lymphatic Sys.- Monitors circulating blood; engulfs pathogens and recycles red blood cells; stimulates immune response |
| Thymus | Lymphatic Sys.- Controls development and maintenance of one class of lymphocytes (T cells) |
| Nasal Cavities, Paranasal Sinuses | Respiratory sys.- Filter, warm, humidify air; detect smells |
| Pharynx | Respiratory sys.- Conducts air to larnyx; a chamber shared with the digestive tract |
| Larnyx | Respiratory sys.- Protects opening to trachea and contains vocal cords |
| Trachea | Respiratory sys.- Filters air; traps particles in mucus; cartilages keep airway open |
| Bronchi | Respiratory sys.- (same as trachea) through volume changes |
| Lungs | Respiratory sys.- Responsible for air movement during movement of ribs and diaphragm; incude airways and alveoli |
| Alveoli | Respiratory sys.- Acts as sites of gas exchange between air and blood |
| Mouth | Digestive sys.- Receptacle for food; works w/ associated structures (teeth, tongue) to break up food and pass food and liquids to pharnyx |
| Salivary glands | Digestive sys.- Provide buffers and lubrication; produce enzymes that begin digestion |
| Pharynx | Digestive sys.- Conducts solid food and liquids to esophagus; chamber shared with respiratory tract |
| Esophagus | Digestive sys.- Delivers food to stomach |
| Stomach | Digestive sys.- Secretes acids and enzymes |
| Small Intestine | Digestive sys.- Secretes digestive enzymes, buffers, and hormones; absorbs nutrients |
| Liver | Digestive sys.- Secretes bile; regulates nutrient composition of blood |
| Gallbladder | Digestive sys.- Stores and concentrates bile for release into small intestine |
| Pancreas | Digestive sys.- Secretes digestive enzymes and buffers; contains endorine cells |
| Large Intestine | Digestive sys.- Removes water from fecal material; stores wastes |
Created by:
afogel
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