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pharm
pharmacology chapter 11 Cardiovascular Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CHF stands for | congestive heart failure. |
| CHF (congestive heart failure) indicates a | “weak pump.” |
| Causes of CHF (congestive heart failure) include: | 1. Heredity. 2. Smoking. 3. Excess fat in the diet (obesity). 4. Sedentary lifestyle. 5. Age (35). 6. MI(s) {myocardial infarction(s)}. 7. Valvular disease. |
| As the heart weakens, the amount of blood the heart ejects lessens and the heart rate | increases. |
| Signs of CHF include: | pedal edema and pulmonary edema. |
| A medication designed to slow the heart rate and stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully is called | Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps. |
| The generic name for Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps is | digoxin ("dig"). |
| Treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF) commonly includes | digoxin. |
| Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps (digoxin) may require TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring) because of a | narrow TI (therapeutic index). |
| Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for digoxin is commonly called a | “dig level.” |
| A high fiber diet can | slow the absorption of digoxin. |
| Signs of digitalis toxicity include: | bradycardia and yellow-green halos around lights. |
| Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps (digoxin) is commonly administered in combination with a diuretic called | furosemide AKA Lasix. |
| Lasix (furosemide) causes an excessive loss of the electrolyte (salt) | potassium (K). |
| The abbreviation for potassium is | K |
| K is measured in | mEq(milliequivalents) |
| Thoracodynia caused by coronary ischemia (starvation of O2-oxygen) is called | angina pectoris (AP). |
| The coronary ischemia is caused by | stenosis(narrowing)of the coronary arteries. |
| The stenosis is commonly caused by | atherosclerosis. |
| Causes of atherosclerosis include: | 1. Heredity. 2. Smoking. 3. Excessive fat in the diet (obesity). 4. Sedentary life style. 5. Age ( ). |
| Many antianginals work by causing the coronary arteries to | vasodilate(increase in diameter) |
| Vasodilation causes | hypotension (low blood pressure) |
| Antianginals include: | 1.nitroglycerin AKA Nitrostat or Nitro-Dur 2.isosorbide (sore heart) AKA Isordil 3.atenolol AKA Tenormin 4.metoprolol AKA Lopressor or Toprol 5.nadolol AKA Corgard 6.propranolol AKA Inderal (Inderal does it all). 7. amlodipine AKA Norvasc. |
| The abbreviations for nitroglycerin include | NTG, Ntg, or “nitro.” |
| Nitrostat or Nitro-Dur is AKA | nitroglycerin |
| Antianginals include: (continued) | 8. nicardipine AKA Cardene. 9. nifedipine AKA Adalat or Procardia. 10. verapamil AKA Calan. 11. diltiazem AKA Cardizem. |
| NTG(nitroglycerin) is routinely administered | SL(sub-lingual), transdermally and IV (intravenious) |
| Antiarrhythmic medications are prescribed to treat | cardiac dysrhythmias |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias are | abnormalities in the conduction ( ) of electrical impulses in the heart. |
| Antiarrhythmics include: | 1.Norpace AKA disopyramide 2.Betapace 3.procainamide AKA Pronestyl 4.Rythmol 5.propranolol AKA Inderal (Inderal does it all) 6.diltiazem AKA Cardizem 7.verapamil AKA Calan 8.clondine AKA Catapres 9.digoxin AKA Lanoxin, Digitek, Lanoxicaps |
| HTN stands for | hypertension (high blood pressure) |
| digoxin AKA | Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps |
| clonidine AKA | Catapres |
| verapamil AKA | Calan |
| diltiazem AKA | Cardizem |
| propranolol AKA | Inderal (Inderal does it all) |
| procainamide AKA | Pronestyl |
| Norpace AKA | disopyramide |
| Norpace is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| disopyramide (Norpace) is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| Betapace is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| procainamide AKA Pronestyl is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| Rythmol is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| propranolol AKA Inderal is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| diltiazem AKA Cardizem is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| digoxin AKA Lanoxin, Digitek or Lanoxicaps is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| clonidine AKA Catapres is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| verapamil AKA Calan is an | Antiarrhythmic |
| Hypertension (HTN) refers to | chronic (re-occuring) high blood pressure |
| HHD stands for | hypertensive heart disease |
| Common causes of chronic (reoccurring) hypertension (HTN) include: | 1. Atherosclerosis (fatty plague) 2. Kidney disease. 3. Poor stress management. 4. Excess salt, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol |
| HTN(hypertension) of unknown cause is called | primary, essential, or idiopathic hypertension |
| Medications prescribed to lower blood pressure are called | antihypertensives |
| Antihypertensives include: | 1.Diovan 2.Cozaar 3.Benicar 4.Hyzaar AKA losartan + hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 5.Avapro 6.metoprolol AKA Lopressor or Toprol 7.propranolol/ Inderal 8.atenolol/ Tenormin 9.nadolol/Corgard 10.amlodipine/ Norvasc 11.nicardipine AKA Cardene |
| Antihypertensives include:(continued) | 12. nifedipine AKA Adalat or Procardia. 13. diltiazem AKA Cardizem. 14. verapamil AKA Calan. 15. clonidine AKA Catapres 16. Minipress. 17. Capoten. 18. Lotensin. 19. Hytrin |
| Medications that end in -olol are called | beta blockers |
| Beta blockers can lose effectiveness if combined with | fruit juice |
| Hyperlipidemia means | a blood condition of excessive fat |
| Fats that can cause diseases of the heart and blood vessels include: | Cholesterol. 2. Triglycerides. 3. Trans-fatty acids |
| These fats (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Trans-fatty acids) are considered | saturated |
| Medications prescribed to lower the amount of circulating fat in the blood are called | antihyperlipidemics (“statins”) |
| Antihyperlipidemics (“statins”) include: | 1. Lipitor. 2. Crestor. 3. Pravachol 4. Zocor. 5. Lopid. 6. niacin AKA Niaspan. 7. Trilipix |
| The combination of Norvasc (amlodipine) and Lipitor is called | Caduet |
| Antihyperlipidemics may require | periodic LFTs(liver function tests) |
| “Statins” can increase the risk of DM (diabetes mellitus) by 48% in | women |
| Antihyperlipidemic toxicity can occur if combined with | grapefruit juice |
| An omega-3 supplement for hypertriglyceridemia is called | Lovaza |
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