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The Heart
Chapter 14 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where do the great vessels enter and leave the heart? | Base |
| the point if maximum impulse of the heart is the ____. | Apex |
| Where can the strongest beat be heard or felt? | Apex |
| The study of the heart and treatment of related disorders. | Cardiology |
| The Broadest part of the heart is called the ____. | Base |
| The pointy end of the heart is called the ____. | Apex |
| surrounding the heart is a double-walled sac called the ___________. | Pericardium |
| How big is your heart? | about the size of your fist |
| the space between the lungs and beneath the sternum is called the __________. | Mediastinum |
| In the Heart wall, what is the outermost layer called? | Fibrous Pericardium |
| In the heart Wall, the loose fitting sac of strong connective tissue around the heart is called? | Fibrous Pericardium |
| In the heart wall, the Serous Pericardium has two layers. What layer Covers the hearts surface? | Visceral layer |
| In the hearts wall, the serous pericardium has two layers. what layer lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium? | Parietal Layer |
| In the heart Wall, What layer contains a small amount of serous fluid, which helps prevent friction as the heart beats? | Pericardial Cavity |
| The heart wall consists of 3 main layers, what layer lines the hearts chambers, covers the valve, and continues into the vessels? | Endocardium |
| The Heart Wall consists of 3 main layers, what layer is composed of cardiac muscle, and forms the middle layer? | Myocardium |
| The heart wall consists of 3 main layers, What layer is the THICKEST of the 3 and preforms the work of the heart? | Myocardium |
| The heart Wall Consists of 3 main layers, what layer covers the hearts surface? | Epicardium |
| What tissue prevent Blood clots From forming? | Smooth tissue |
| The Endocardium is made out of what tissue? | Smooth tissue |
| The heart Contains how many hollow chambers? | Four |
| The two upper chambers of the heart are called: | Atria |
| the two lower chambers of the heart are called: | Ventricles |
| Each Valve is formed by two or three flaps called: | Leaflets |
| The Valves that regulate the flow between the atria and the ventricles is called: | Atrioventricular Valves |
| The Right AV valve, that prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atria is called: | Tricuspid Valve |
| the Tricuspid valve has how many leaflets? | Three |
| The left AV Valve, prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atria is called: | Bicuspid Valve; Mitral Valve |
| the Bicuspid valve has how many leaflets? | two |
| the Valves that regulate the flow between ventricles and great arteries is called: | Semilunar Valves |
| What semilunar valve prevents backflow from the Lungs to the right ventricle? | Pulmonary Valve |
| What semilunar valve prevents backflow from the aorta to the left ventricle? | Aortic valve |
| A semi-rigid, fibrous, connective tissue that encircles each valve is called: | Fibrous Skeleton |
| Fibrous connective tissue that anchors the valves and great vessels are called: | Fibrous Skeleton |
| the right and left atria are separated by a common wall of myocardium called: | Interatrial septum |
| the right and the left ventricles are separated by a walled called: | Interventricular septum |
| Valves open and Close due to _________ created by myocardium contraction. | Pressure |
| Strands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to the bottom of AV valve but NOT semilunar valves is called: | Chordae Tendineae |
| an improper closing of valves is called: | Heart murmur |
| the Right atrium has how many large caval veins? | two |
| what vein in the right atrium receives blood from the upper body? | Superior Vena Cava |
| what vein in the right atrium receives blood from the lower body? | Inferior Vena Cava |
| the Right ventricle has ________ myocardium because it pumps to the lungs. | Thin |
| the left ventricle has _______ myocardium because it pumps to the aorta. | Thick |
| what vessels feed the heart muscle itself? | Coronary Vessels |
| Prolonged ischemia that causes tissue death is called: | Infarct |
| the side of the heart that deals with deoxygenated blood is: | the Right atrium and ventricle |
| the side of the heart that deals with oxygenated blood is: | The left atrium and ventricle |
| Projections of muscle off of the ventricular wall that attach to the other end of the chordae tendineae is: | papillary muscles |
| check valves flow in _____ direction. | one |
| you can hear the heart sounds when the valves do what? | Close |
| what chamber receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body through the superior and inferior vena cavae? | Right Atrium |
| what delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium, while cardiac veins collect the deoxygenated blood? | Coronary Arteries |
| Supplies blood to the right atrium, part of the left atrium, most of the right ventricle, and the inferior part of the left ventricle. | Right Coronary Artery |
| this artery branches into the anterior descending and circumflex. | Left coronary Artery |
| what ventricle has the most abundant blood supply? | left ventricle |
| blood vessels or nerves that wind around the heart are called: | Circumflex |
| A large transverse vein on the hearts posterior, which returns blood to the right atrium is: | Coronary Sinus |
| the gender that will most likely die from first heart attack is? | Women |
| A persistent pulse rate slower then 60 beats per minute is: | Bradycardia |
| An ECG that appears normal is called normal _______ rhythm. | Sinus |
| Pacemakers other then the SA node are called this | Ectopic |
| and irregular heartbeat | Arrhythmia |
| the ventricle with the thickest walls | left ventricle |
| Polling if fluid in the abdomen | Ascites |
| the blood remaining in the ventricles at the end of the ejection period is the ___________ volume | Residual |
| A persistent, resting heart rate greater then 100 beats per minute | tachycardia |
| pressure sensors in the aorta and internal carotid arteries that detect changes in blood pressure. | Baroreceptors |
| the right and the left ventricles receive70% of their blood ___________ | passively |
| results from an interruption of blood to the myocardium | ischemia |
| Cell death | necrosis |
| heart sound that results from turbulent blood flow through a stenotic valve. | murmur |
| the amount of blood ejected with each heart beat is called: | Stroke Volume |
| the amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute is called: | cardiac output |
| to determine cardiac output you would multiply | Heart Rate x stroke volume |
| the average resting cardiac output is between _____ liters per minute | 5-6 |
| when a heart rate increase, cardiac output | increases |
| the nerve system can cause the heart rate to increase by sending impulses via to _____________ nervous system. | Sympathetic |
| the ___________ nervous system sends signals to slow the heart rate. | Parasympathetic |
| the amount if tension, or stretch, in a ventricular muscle just before it contracts is: | Preload |
| the force with which the ventricular ejection occurs | Contractility |
| sterling's law of the heart states that the more the ventricle is stretched the _____ forcefully it will contract | more |
| the forces the heart must work against to eject it volume of blood is called the ________. | afterload |
| factors that affect contractility are called. | inotropic agents |
| factors that affect heart rate are called | Chronotropic agents |
| this part of the wave form represents ventricular repolarization | T wave |
| this part of the wave form represents atrial depolarization | P wave |
| this part of the wave form represents ventricular depolarization | QRS Complex |
| this part of the wave form represents the end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization | ST segment |
| Sinoatrial (SA) nodes fires at ________ beats per minute | 60-80 |
| AV node has a firing rate of _______ beats per minute | 40-60 |
| purkinje fibers have a firing rate of _______ beats per minute | 20-40 |
| the left and right coronary arteries arise from the ___________. | Ascending Aorta |
| the coronary arteries receive their supply of blood during ventricular _________. | Relaxation |
| A heart valve fails to prevent the backflow of blood during contraction is called ________, and the condition it causes is called insufficiency. | incompetent |
| A condition resulting when a heart valve becomes narrowed, such as from scar tissue. | Valvular stenosis |
| the pulmonary and aortic valves are also called | Semilunar valves |
| the hearts inner layer | Endocardium |
| phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract. | systole |
| unique ability cardiac muscle to contract without nervous stimulation | Automaticity |
| the period of cardiac muscle relaxation. | diastole |
| Heart rate for adults | 60-80 |
| heart rate for children | 100 |
| heart rate for infants | 120 |
| heat rate for near term fetuses can be | 140 |
| athletes heart rate can be as low as | 35 |
| the medulla contains how many cardiac centers? | two |
| the cardiac center that is carried by the SNS | Accelerated Center |
| the cardiac center that is carried by the PSNS | Inhibitory Center |
| the function of the heart is to. | Pump Blood |
| the organ directly below the heart is the | Diaphragm |
| the function of the serous fluid produced by the serous layers is to _____________ as the heart beats | prevent friction |
| the Atria secretes what hormone when blood volume or blood pressure is increased? | AMP |
| the term Systole means? | Contraction |
| The term diastole means? | Relaxation |
| term applied to the heart's ability to beat regularly. | Rhythmicity |
| the parasympathetic nerves to the heart are called _________, which transmit impulses that decrease heart rate. | Vagus nerves |
| a very rapid and uncoordinated ventricular beat | Fibrillation |
| largest artery in the body | Aorta |
| each normal heart beat is initiated by the: | SA node |
| the vessel in which the left ventricle pumps blood is the | Aorta |
| the heart is located: | medial to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm |
| the purpose of the coronary vessels is to: | supply the heart with oxygenated blood |
| the chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins are: | right and left atria |
| the centers that regulate the heart are located in: | medulla |
| the electrical activity of the heart maybe depicted in an: | ECG |
| the coronary sinus receives blood directly from the: | Coronary veins |
| the first part of the cardiac conduction pathway in the ventricles is the: | Bundle of his |
| the difference between resting cardiac output and maximum exercise cardiac output is called the: | Cardiac Reserve |
| heart sounds, the first intercostal space, right sternal border is called. | Aortic Area |
| heart sounds, the second intercostal space, left of the sternal border | pulmonic area |
| heart sounds, the forth intercostal space, left of the sternal border | tricuspid area |
| heart sounds, the fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line | mitral area |
Created by:
Leci81
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