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AP HG Unit 3
AP Human Geography Unit 3
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Acculturation: | Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage |
| Assimilation | Process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture |
| Cultural core/periphery pattern: | The core-periphery idea that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties |
| Cultural Ecology: | The geographic study of human environmental relationships |
| Cultural Identity: | Ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect |
| Cultural Landscape: | The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape |
| Culture: | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people’s distinct tradition |
| Culture Region: | Formal (Uniform): An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics Core-Center of economic activity Periphery-Outlying region of economic activity |
| Functional (Nodal): | Region organized at a node or focal point |
| Vernacular (perceptual-regional self-awareness): | A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
| Expansion Diffusion: | -The spread of one feature from one place to another in a snowballing process |
| Hierarchical Diffusion: | -The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
| Contagious Diffusion: | -The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population |
| Stimulus Diffusion: | -The spread of an underlying principle when the characteristic fails to diffuse |
| Relocation Diffusion: | -The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another |
| Innovation Adoption: | Study of how why and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture |
| Maladaptive diffusion: | Diffusion of a process with negative side effects or What works well in one region may not in another |
| Sequence Occupancy: | Refers to such cultural succession and its lasting imprint proposed by Derwent Whittlesey |
| Religion: | -the faithfulness to codified beliefs and rituals that generally involve a faith in a spiritual nature. This is important to HG because man wars have been fought over it. |
| Animism: | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and life. This is important to Human Geography because a lot of cultures around the world believe in Animism |
| Buddhism: | The third of the world’s major universalizing religions. It has 365 million adherents especially in China and Southeast Asia. It is important because a large percent of the earth’s population follow Buddhism beliefs. |
| Cargo Cult Pilgrimage: | - Cargo Cult’s believe western goods have been traded to them by ancestral spirits. It takes place in Melanesia and is important go HG because it’s a big religious movement by a large number of people. |
| Christianity: | is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. It’s important to HG because it’s the most popular religion in the world. |
| Confucianism: | - Developed by earlier Chinese man Confucius, it’s a complex system of moral, social, political, and religious thought. This is important to HG because it has affected Chinese Civilizations tremendously. |
| Ethnic Religion: | A religion with a concentrated distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location where its adherents are located. This is important to HG because most religions start off as Ethnic Religion. |
| Exclave | exclave is one which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. This is important to HG because a lot of countries are within other countries. |
| Enclave | enclave is a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country. This is important to HG because a lot of countries are within other countries. |
| Fundamentalism: | Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion. This is important to HG because there are a lot of Fundamentalists in all religions |
| Geomancy: | method of prediction that interprets markings on the ground, The Arabic tradition consists of sketching sixteen random lines of dots in sand. This is important to HG because most farmers use a form of Geomancy |
| Hajj: | - The pilgrimage to Mecca for Islam followers. It’s the fifth of the five pillars. It is important to HG because just about all Islam followers try the pilgrimage there. |
| Hinduism | Created in India, approximately a billion followers. heaven isn’t always ultimate goal in life. Third largest in world behind Christianity and Islam. It is important to HG because a large number of people follow the religion and it’s unlike others |
| Interfaith boundaries: | boundaries between the world's major faiths, such as Christianity, Muslim, and Buddhism. This isn’t the same as Intrafaith boundaries which describes the boundaries within a major religion. |
| Islam: | It means the submission to the will of god. Its a monotheistic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a key religious figure. It is the second largest religion in the world. |
| Jainism: | religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. Stresses spiritual independence and equality throughout all life. It affects HG because a lot of people believe in it in India. |
| Judaism: | It is the religion of ancient Hebrews, said to be one of the first monotheistic faiths. This is important to HG because many other religions have been based off it. |
| Landscapes of the dead: | The certain areas where people have commonly been buried. This is important to HG because it has always been important where people are buried. |
| Monotheism/polytheism: | Monotheism this is the belief in one god and polytheism is the belief in many gods. This affects HG because many religions spread throughout the world fall under these two categories. |
| Mormonism: | a term used to describe religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. It is important because a lot of people around the world practice Mormonism. |
| Muslim pilgrimage: | If physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Makkah.(Mecca) They may make the trip around Ramadan. This pilgrimage is also known as Hajj. It is important because Islam is one of the most popular religions practiced around the world |
| Muslim population: | religion of 1.3 billion people in the world. It is the main religion of the Middle East(North Africa to Central Asia). 1/2 the world’s Muslims live in four countries not in Middle East: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India. Amongst most pop. religions |
| Proselytic Religion: | Universalizing Religion, to appeal to all people, wherever they are on Earth, not just those of 1 culture or location. 3 religions that practice this: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. To proselytize is to try to convert another person to your religion. |
| Reincarnation: | after this life you come back in another life either as a plant, animal, or human life. this life will affect what your next life is . practiced by Buddhists and Hindus. This is important to HG because these 2 religions are very important in the world. |
| Religion (groups, places): | universalizing religions, these are Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. these have different branches. ethnic religions, Hinduism, Daoism, and Confucianism. These religions spread out throughout Earth. |
| Religious architectural styles: | styles of architecture created by the religions. Christians have always made temples, and Buddhists have always made a lot of religious statues. This is important to HG because these styles affected most of the future styles for other civilizations. |
| Religious Conflict: | this is the conflicts between religions. One of these is Israel-Palestine. This consists of Roman Takeovers, Muslim conquests, and the crusades. This affects HG because there has been a lot of bloodshed over Religious Conflict. |
| Religious Culture Hearth: | This is where most religions are born. Most major religions have come from the Middle East near Israel, but a few have come from India too. This is important to HG because where religions are created, civilizations are too. |
| Religious toponym: | This refers to the origin and meaning of the names of religions. This is important to HG because many names mean significant things including beliefs of cultures. |
| Sacred space: | Sacred space is the place where religious figures and congregations meet to perform religious ceremonies. This is important to HG because a lot of history has taken place at sacred spaces. |
| Secularism: | This is the belief that humans should be based on facts and not religious beliefs. This is important to HG because this has caused conflicts in a lot of different places including politics. |
| Shamanism: | This is the range of traditional beliefs and practices that claim the ability to cure, heal, and cause pain to people. This is important to HG because it is thought as good and bad. |
| Sharia law: | it is the legal framework within which public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Muslim principles. This is important to HG because it affects many people around Muslims around the world. |
| Shintoism: | way of god. native religion of Japan and once state religion. Worship of kami (a god). Not significant anymore and lost importance to today. This is important to HG because before WW2 it was very pop. and affected a lot of people in Japan. |
| Sikhism: | is a religion that began in sixteenth century Northern India . The principal belief in Sikhism is faith in Vāhigurū. Emphasizes faith in god. This is important to HG because its another minor religion in India that affects a lot of people. |
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