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Unit 3 APHG
Political Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| political geography | a subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of spatial organization |
| state | a politically territory that is administered |
| territoriality | a country's or more local community's senseof property and attatchment towards its property |
| sovereignty | a principle of international relationships that holds the final say over over social, economic, and political matters |
| territorial integrity | the right of a state to defend its against incursions from other states |
| Peace of Westphalia | 1648 Peace negotiation that led to the idea of the state and the end of the 30 years war |
| mercantalism | a general sense associated with the promotion of comercialism and trade |
| nation | a group of tightly knit group of posseesing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and cultural attributes. |
| nation-state | a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation (a state of almost entirely one nation) |
| democracy | gov. based on principles that people are ultimately sovereign |
| multinational state | a state with more than one nation within |
| multistate nation | a nation that spreads across borders and states |
| stateless nation | a nation that does not have a state |
| colonialism | rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate and alien people and place |
| scale | representation of real world phenomena at a certain level of reduction or generalization |
| capitalism | economic model wherin people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market with the goal of acheiving profit |
| commodification | the process through which something is given monetary value (previously not regarded as item to be sold) |
| core | processes that incorporate higher levels of education, salaries, and more technology |
| semiperiphery | places where core and periphery processes are both occuring |
| ability | the capacity of a state to influence other states |
| centripetal | forces that tend to unite a country |
| centrifugal | forces that tend to divide a country |
| unitary | a centralized gov. and administration that excercizes power equally in over all parts of a state |
| federal | a political system wherea central gov. represents various entities within the states |
| devolution | the process where regions given more rights or gain political strength |
| territorial representation | system wherein each representativeis elected from a territorially defined districe |
| reapportionment | the process by which representative districs are switched according to population shifts |
| splitting | in context of determining representative districs, the process by which majority and minority of populations are spread evenly actoss each of the districs |
| majority-minority districts | in context of determining representative districs, the process by which the majority of the population is a minority |
| gerrymandering boundary | redistricting for advantage |
| physical political boundary | political boundary defined and delimited (sometines demarcated) by a prominent physical boundary |
| heartland theory | a geopolitical hypothesis that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to dominate the world |
| critical geopolitics | process by which geopolitcians deconstructand focus on explaining assumptions and territorial perspectives of politics |
| unilateralism | world order in which one stateis in proposition of dominance with allies following rather than joining political decision making |
| supernational organization | three or more states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooporation to premote shared objectives |
| periphery | process that incorporate lower levels of education, salaries, and less technology |