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Path 14
Vascular Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis | degenerative calcification of the media of large and medium sized muscular arteries usually in vessels of upper and lower extreimites of older people |
| What are the major risk factors for atherosclerosis | advanced age, male sex, genetics, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes |
| Where are atherosclerotic lesions most likely to be located | Medium to Large arteries |
| What is the name for a slightly elevated lesion in the intima consisting of smooth muscle cells and macrophages containing intracellular lipid? | fatty streak |
| what is an atheroma (fibrofatty plaque) | fibrous cap composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen, macrophages, and lymphocytes located in the intima beneath the endothelium with a core containing lipid filled macrophages adn smooth muscle cells (foam cells) and necrotic debris |
| What are the main complications of atherosclerosis | Occlusion of the vessel, Narrowing of the vascular lumen, embolism, aneurysm formation |
| What is the most common site for atherosclerotic aneurysms | distal aorta and common iliac arteries |
| What is a dissecting aneurysm | An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall through a tear in the intima and dissects along the length of the vessel |
| most common location for a dissecting aneurysm | proximal aorta, starting with an intimal tear 1-2 cm above the aortic valve |
| where do syphilitic aneurysms tend to occur | ascending aorta and arch |
| What is an aortic dissection | a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta followed by formation and propagation of a asubintimal hematoma |
| A "double barreled aorta" refers to? | Aortic dissection |
| Aortic dissection is more common in what patients? | those with hypertension, connective tissue disorders, congenital aortic stenosis or bicuspid aortic valve and those with first degree relatives with history of thoracic dissections |
| what is cystic medial necrosis | degenerative changes leading to breakdown of the collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle within the media and an increase in basophilic ground substance |
| Advanced cystic medial necrosis is the hallmark histologic change associated with dissection in those with ? syndrome | Marfan's |
| What is type 1 Aortic Dissection | involves the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta |
| What is type II aortic dissection | ascending aorta |
| What is type III aortic dissection | confined to the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery |
| type IIIa refers to what type of dissection | dissections that originate distal to the left subclavian artery but extends both proximally and distally, mostly above the diaphram |
| What is type IIIb aortic dissection | dissections that originate distal to the left subclavian artery, extend only distally and may extend below the diaphragm |
| What are veins dilated due to incompetent valves called | Varicose Veins |
| What are varicose veins of the rectum called | Varicose Veins |
| Why are deep vein thrombosis considered a serious condition | because of their propensity to embolize particularly to the pulmonary arteries |
| What is lymphangitis | inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, particularly in the region of previous trauma to the skin |
| what is the pathogenic organism associated with lymphangitis | B-hemolytic strep |
| What is a benign tumor of the blood vessels usually in the skin but may occur in internal organs | Hemangioma |
| Where are capillary hemangiomas most frequently found | in the skin, known as "birthmarks" |
| What are cavernous hemangiomas known as? | port wine stains |
| What is a malignant tumor of the blood vesselsconsisting of neoplastic endothelial cells | Angiosarcoma |
| What is angiosarcoma of the liver associated with? | environmental carcinogens such as arsenic and vinyl chloride |
| What is a malignant tumor of endothelial cells that occurs frequently in patients with AIDS | Kaposi Sarcoma |
| What virus is associated with Kaposi Sarcoma | HHV8 |
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UVAPATH1
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