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Anatomy. Final.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The kidneys are considered retroperitoneal organs. What does this mean? | They lie outside the peritoneum which lines the abdominal cavity. |
| The outer portion of the kidney substance is known as the: | cortex |
| The cone shaped structures located in the medulla of the kidney are known as | renal pyramids |
| The structure that empties immediately into the ureters is called the | renal pelvis |
| What is the functional unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| The site of filtration is known as | Glomerulus |
| After passing through the ascending loop of Henle the filtrate passes into which part of the tubular system | Distal convoluted tubule |
| Nephrons that have short loops which do not extend deeply into the medulla are called | cortical nephrons. |
| 9. All of the cells and tissues through which the filtrate must at the glomerulus are known collectively as the | : filtration membrane. |
| Blood leaves the glomerulus through the | efferent arteriole. |
| Renin is secreted from the area known as the | macula densa or juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| 12. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in which portion of the kidney? | Cortex |
| Which structures line the proximal tubules? | Microvilli |
| When substances move from the tubular lumen into the bloodstream it is known as: | tubular reabsorption. |
| When substances move from the blood stream into the tubular lumen it is known as | tubular secretion. |
| The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the: | renal fraction |
| The part of the plasma that is filtered in the glomerulus each minute is called the | filtration fraction. |
| The amount of filtrate produced each minute is known as: | glomerular filtration rate (GFR) |
| Net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is approximately | 10 mm Hg |
| The hydrostatic pressure driving filtration in the glomerulus is due to: | blood pressure. |
| The two forces that oppose filtration pressure in the glomerulus are | colloid osmotic pressure and capsular pressure |
| The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine have what effect on GFR? | Decrease it. |
| Approximately how much of the filtrate is reabsorbed? | 99% |
| Most of the energy for reabsorption of larger molecules is provided by the movement of which ion across the proximal tubule membrane? | Sodium |
| Define osmosis | . Movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. |
| Which portion of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to water? | Thick descending limb |
| What happens to solutes in the thick ascending limb? | Actively transported out of lumen |
| Is the renal medulla more or less concentrated than the fluid in the loop of Henle | More |
| What effect does increasing the water permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct have on urine volume? | It decreases volume |
| The modification of molecules by the liver to increase their water solubility is called: | conjugation |
| Changes in blood pressure are detected by | baroreceptors |
| Renin causes the conversion of what substance into Angiotensin I? | Angiotensinogen |
| Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by: | angiotensin converting enzyme |
| Angiotensin II causes the release of which hormone from the adrenal gland? | aldosterone |
| The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system has what effect on blood pressure? | raises it |
| Anti-diuretic hormone is released from the: | posterior pituitary gland |
| What effect does ADH have on urine production? | decrease |
| What effect does ADH have on blood pressure? | increase |
| Which hormone is involved in diabetes mellitus? | insulin |
| Insufficient ADH production can result in a disease called: | diabetes insipidus |
| Glomerular filtration rate is often measured using a substance called: | inulin |
| What is tubular load? | The amount of a substance that is filtered. |
| Define tubular maximum | The amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed by the tubules |
| If tubular load exceeds tubular maximum what will be the result with regard to the urine. | Some of the substance will be secreted. |
| If tubular maximum exceeds tubular load what will be the result with regard to the urine. | None of the substance will be excreted. |
| What tubes lead from the kidneys to the bladder? | Ureters |
| What tube carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body? | Urethra |
| Which urethral sphincter muscle is under voluntary control? | External |
| Define micturition | Elimination of urine from the bladder. |
| What effect does aging have on the number of glomeruli? | They decrease. |
Created by:
erinjoseph
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