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Stack #111653
digestive system
| digestive system | chapter 8 |
|---|---|
| an/o | anus, ring |
| cec/o | cecum |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| col/o, colon/o | colon, large intestine |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach, belly |
| hepat/o | liver |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| -pepsia, peps/i, pspt/o | digest, digestion |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| rect/o | rectum, straight |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| aliment/o | to nourish |
| major structures of digestive system | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum and anus |
| accessory organs related to digestive system | liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
| upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract | mouth, esophagus, and stomach |
| lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract | bowels, small intestine, large intestines, rectum and anus |
| labia | lips, also cheil/o |
| palate | roof of mouth, hard and soft, rugae - irregular fidges in hard palate, uvula - free edge of soft palate, helps produce sounds |
| papillae | taste buds |
| under side of tongue | highly bascular - containing many blood vessels |
| dentition | natural teeth arranged in maxillary and mandibular arches |
| primary dentition | deciduoud dentition, baby teeth, 20 |
| permanent dentition | replace primary teeth, 32 |
| occlusion | any contact between chewing surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth |
| odont/i, odont/o | teeth, tooth |
| gingiva | gums |
| 3 pairs of salivary glands | parotid - in front of and slightly lower than each ear, sublingual - underside of tongue, submandibular - floor of mouth |
| esophagus | gullet, leads from pharynx to stomach |
| lower esophageal sphincter | cardiac sphincter, controls flow between esophagus and stomach |
| 3 parts of stomach | fundus-upper, body-main, and antrum-lower |
| rugae | folds in mucosa lining of stomach, produce gastric juices that sid in digestion |
| pylorus | narrow passage conecting stomach with small intestine, pyloric sphincter contols flow from stomach to duodenum |
| 3 parts of small intestine | duodenum-first portion, jejunum-middle portion, ileum-last portion conects to cecum of large intestine, ileocecal sphincter controls flow |
| 3 major parts of large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum and anus |
| cecum | connected to ileum and begining of colon, appendix hangs from lower portion |
| 4 segments of colon | ascending-travels upward from cecum to undersurface of liver, transverse-passes horizontally toward spleen, descending-travels down abdominal cavity, sigmoid-s shaped structure that joins with rectum |
| anorectal | rectum-last division of large intestine, anal sphincter controls flow of waste |
| liver | removes excess glucose from blood stream and stores it, destroys old erythrocytes, secretes bile containing enzymes that break down fat, |
| bilirubin | pigment produced from destruction of hemoglobin |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile for later use |
| pancreas | secretes juices made up of sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acids and digestive enzymes to process protein, carbohydrates and fats in food |
| metaboism | sum of anabolism (building up of body cells from mutrients) and catabolism (breaking down body cells to release energy) |
| mastication | chewing |
| peristalsis | series of wavelike contraction of smooth muscles in single direction |
| role of small intestine | emulsification-bile breaks apart large glovules into smaller parts so enzymes in pancreatic juices can digest tha fats |
| role of large intestine | excess water is absorbed and solid feces/stools are formed, solids are expelled through rectum and anus |
| dentist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of oral cavity |
| gastroenterologist | specialized in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of stomach and intestines |
| internist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of internal organs |
| orthdontist | specialist in prevention or correction of abnormalities in positioning of teeth and related facial structures |
| periodontist | specialist who prevents or treats disorders of tissues surrounding teeth |
| proctologist | specialized in disorders of colon, rectum, and anus |
| aphthous ulcers | canker sores, recurrent blister like sores that break and form lesions on soft tissues lining mouth |
| herpes labialis | cold sores or fever blisters, caused by herpes simplex virus |
| bruxism | involumtary grinding or clenching of teeth |
| dental caries | tooth decay, cavity |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| -phagia | swallowing |
| esophageal reflux | gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD, upward flow of stomach acid into esophagus |
| esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veins at lower end of esophagus |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of part of stomach through esophageal sphincter in diaphragm |
| paptic ulcer | PU, lesion of mucous membranes of digestive system |
| achlorhydria | absence of hydrochloric acid from gastric secretions |
| eructation | act of belching |
| aerophagia | spasmodic swallowing of air followed by eructations |
| emesis | vomiting |
| diverticulum | pouch or sac occuring in lining or wall of tubular organ |
| spastic colon | irritalbe bowel syndrome, IBS |
| ileus | temporary stoppage of intestinal peristalsis with severe pain, distention, vomiting, absence of stool passage, fever, and dehydration |
| volvulus | twisting of intestine on itself that causes an obstruction |
| intussusception | telescoping of one part of intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part |
| inguinal hernia | protrusion of small loop of bowel through a weak place in lower abdominal wall or groin |
| hemorrhoids | piles, enlarged veins in or near anus that may cause pain and bleeding |
| melena | passage of black stools containing digested blood |
| cirrhosis | progressive degenerative disease ultimately results in hepatic failure |
| biliary calculus | gallstone, |
| abdominal CT, CAT scan | computed tomography, produces detailed cross section of tissue structure within the abdomen |
| upper GI series, lowe GI series | barium swallow, barium enema, barium is used as a contrast medium to make structures visible |
| hemoccult | fecal occult blood test, FOBT, test for hidden blood in stools |
| antiemetic | prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting |
| emetic | produces vomiting |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of cleft palate |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| choledocholithotomy | incision in common bile duct for removal of gallstones |
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