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Stack #111636
respiratory system
| respiratory system | chapter 7 |
|---|---|
| atel/o | incomplete, imperfect |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube, bronchus |
| cyan/o | blue |
| -ectasis, ectasia | stretching, dilation, enlargment |
| laryng/o | larynx, throat |
| ox/i, ox/o, ox/y | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
| phon/o, -phonia | sound, voice |
| pleur/o | pleura, side of body |
| -pnea | breathing |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu- | lung, air |
| pulm/o, pulmon/o | lung |
| tachy- | fast, rapid |
| thorac/o, -thorax | chest |
| trache/o, trache/i | trachea, windpipe |
| upper respiratory tract | nose, mouth pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea |
| lower respiratory tract | brochial tree and lungs |
| nasal cavity | nasal septum divides into 2 sections, mucous membrane lines nose and repiratory system secretes mucus to moisten warm and filter air, cilia thin hairs filter air, olfactory reeptors sense of smell |
| tonsils | protect body from invading organisms |
| 4 paranasal sinuses | air filled cavity within a bone, maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid |
| 3 divisions of the pharynx | nasopharynx posterior to nasal cavity and continues down behind mouth, oropharynx visible when looking into the mouth shared by respiratory and digestive system,laryngopharynx continues sown to openings of esophagus and trachea |
| protective swallowing mechanisms | soft palate, posterior portion of roof of mouth closes off nasopharynx, epiglottis at base of tongue closes off laryngopharynx |
| larynx | voice box, triangular chamber located between pharynx and trachea, held open by series of 9 cartilages largest is thyroid cartilage (adam's apple), vocal cords open while breathing and closed to vibrate while talking |
| trachea | windpipe, extends from neck into chest, infront of esophagus, held open by series of c shaped cartilage rings |
| broncial tree | divides into 2 branches called bronchi, continues to divid into smaller bronchi, bronchioles are smallest branches of bronchi |
| alveoli | air sacs, very small grapelike clusters at end of each bronchiole, surrounded by pulmonary capillaries, gas exchange through walls of alveoli |
| lungs | R lung: superior, middle, and inferior lobes, L lung: superior and inferior lobes, lobes limit infection to one at a time |
| mediastinum | interpleural space, located between lungs, contains thoracic vicera including heart, aorta, esophagus, rachea, bronchial tubes and thymus gland |
| pleura | multilayered membrane around each lung, parietal pleura-outer layer, visceral pleura-inner layer |
| plerual space | pleural cavity, airtight place betewwn fold of pleural membranes, contains watery fluid for lubrication during respiration |
| diaphragm | muscle that separates thoracic cavity from abdomen, contraction and relaxation of muscle makes breathing possible |
| phrenic nerve | stimulates diaphragm and causes it to contract |
| phren/o | diaphragm, mind |
| otolaryngologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of ears, nose and throat, ENT |
| pulmonologist | physician specializing in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of lungs and associated tissues |
| respiratory therapist | provides treatment to ease or correct breathing problems |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | COPD, general term to describe respiratory conditions characterized by chronic airflow limitations |
| asthma | chronic allergis disorder, episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing |
| bronchiextasis | chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles resulting from earlier lung infection that was not cured |
| emphysema | progressive loss of lung function due to decrease in number of alveoli, enlargment of remaining alveoli and progressive desturction of their walls |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| pertussis | whooping cough |
| upper respiratory infection | acute nasopharyngitis, common cold |
| paroxysmal | sudden or spasmlike |
| pleurisy | inflammation of visceral and parietal pleura in thoracic cavity |
| pneumothorax | accumulation of air or gas in pleural space causing lung to collapse |
| effusion | escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels into the tissues or a cavity |
| pleural effusion | abnormal escape of fluid into pleural cavity that prevents lung from fully expanding |
| empyema | pyothorax, accumulation of pus in pleural cavity |
| hemothorax | accumulation of blood in pleural cavity |
| hemoptysis | spitting of blood or blood stained sputum from lungs or bronchial tubes |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | ARDS, type of lung failure resulting from many different disorders that cause pulmonary edema |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung, lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond bronchioles that are blocked by secretions |
| tuberculosis | TB, infecious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| exudate | accumulated fluid in a cavity that has penetrated through vessel walls into the adjoining tissue |
| pneumonia | inflammation of lungs in which air sacs fill with pus and other liquid |
| mian causes of pneumonia | bacterial, biruses, fungi, or inhaled substances like chemical irritants or vomit |
| aspiration | inhaling or drawing foreign substance sucha s food into upper respiatory tract, or withdrawal by suction of fluids or gases from body cavity |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in lungs that develops after years of environmental or occupational contact |
| anthracosis | black lung disease (anthrac-coal dust) |
| byssinosis | brown lung disease, caused by cotton, flax, or hemp dust |
| silicosis | grinder's disease, caused by silica dust or glass dust |
| cystic fibrosis | CF, genetic disorder, lungs and digestive system are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath |
| asphyxia | pathologic changes caused by lack of o2 in air |
| sputum | phlegm that is ejected through mouth |
| spirometry | testing method using spirometer to record volume of air inhaled or exhaled adn length of time each breath takes |
| stoma | opening on body surface, natural: a pore, surgical |
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