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Anatomy
Mrs Eastham
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most stationary part of a muscle | origin |
| End of muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| between the origin and insertion | belly |
| isometric | length of muscles doesnt change, but amount of tension increases |
| isotonic | amount of tension is constant, but length of the muscle changes |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| constant tension produced by a muscle for a long period of time | muscle tone |
| fast twitch | contract and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch | contract slowly and dont fatigue as quickly |
| muscles that work together | synergists |
| work in opposition | antagonists |
| prime mover | among synergists, the muscle that plays the biggest role in the desired movement |
| contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil after being stretched |
| skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| another connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| loose connective tissue that surrounds the muscle | perimysium |
| muscle fibers | muscle cells |
| each muscle fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | endomysium |
| threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| actin myofilaments | thin |
| myosin myofilaments | thick |
| basic structural and functional unity of the muscle | sarcomeres |
| outside of most cell membranes | positively charged |
| inside of most cell membranes | negatively charged |
| nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| neuromuscular junction | synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | actetylcholine |
| breaks down acetylcholine | acetlycholinesterase |
| when sarcomeres shorten | muscles shorten |
| sliding of actin and myosin myofilaments past one another | sliding filament mechanism |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| muscle fiber does not respond until it reaches | threshold |
| all or none response | muscle fiber contracts maximally |
| time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| when the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in motor units | recruitment |
| adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| ATP is needed | for energy in muscle contraction |
| ATP is produced | in mitochondria |
| occipitofrontalis | raises eyebrows |
| oribicularis oculi | closes eyelids |
| orbicularis oris | pucker lips |
| buccinator | flatten cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used faster than it can be produced |
| muscles are named | according to location, size, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
| intrinsic | changes shape of tongue |
| extrinsic | moves tongue |
| muscles help produce heat | essential to keep normal body temperature |
| the charge difffernce across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal of the charge | action potential |
| synaptic cleft secretes a neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| points of attachment on each muscle | origin and insertion |
| temporalis and masseter combine for | mastication |
| sternocleidomastoid | prime mover and lateral neck muscle |
| erector spinae | on each side of vertebral column to help with standing |
| external intercostal | deviates ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostal | contracts during forces expiration |
| diaphragm | dome shaped muscle that seperates thoracic cavity from abdoninopelvic cavity |
| smooth muscle | no striation |
| cardiac muscle | found in the heart-striated and not controllable |
| skeletal muscle | responsible for movement of the body |
| skeletal muscle | only voluntary muscle |
Created by:
xfcholland
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