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Stack #111025
lymphatic and immune systems
| Lymphatic & Immune Systems | chapter 6 |
|---|---|
| blast/o | immature, embryonic |
| carcin/o | cancerous |
| cervic/o | neck, cervix |
| -cide | causing death |
| -genesis | creation, reproduction |
| -immun/o | immune, protection, safe |
| -lytic | to reduce, destroy |
| neo- | new, strange |
| -oma | tumor,neoplasm |
| onc/o | tumor |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| -plasm | formative material of cells |
| sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
| splen/o | spleen |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| allergist | specializes in diagnosing and treating altered immunologic reactions |
| hematologist | speecializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of blood and blood forming tissues |
| immunologist | specialist in study diagnosis and treatment of disorders of immune system |
| oncologist | specialist in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer |
| functions of lymphatic system | return cellular waste to circulatory system, absorb fats and transport them to cells, important part of immune system |
| atructures of lymphatic system | lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus, and lymphocytes |
| intercellular fluid | interstitial fluid/tissue fluid, plasma that flows out of capillaries into spaces between cells, carries food o2, and hormones to cells |
| Lymph fluid | returns intercellular fluid containing waaste from cells to venous circulatory system |
| Lymph capillaries | thin walled tubes with valves that carry lymph fluid from tissues to larger lymphatic vessels |
| lacteals | specialized lymph capillaries in the villi of small intestine that absorbe and carry fats and vitamins into bloodstream |
| lymph nodes | small bean shaped structures located in lymph vessels that provide site for lymphocyte production and filter lymph to remove harmful substances |
| tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue that form a protective ring around nose and upper throat |
| vermiform appendix and peyer's patches | appendix is lymphatic tissue that hangs from lower portion of cecum of large intestine, patches are small areas of lymphatic tissue located on walls of large intestine |
| spleen | saclike mass of lymphatic tissue in left upper quadrant, filters blood, forms lymphocytes and monocytes, and destroys worn out blood cells (hemolytic) |
| thymus | composed largely of lymphatic tissue, plays inportant roles in endocrine and immune systems |
| antigen | Ag, any substance sucha s virus, bacterium, or toxin that the body regards as foreign |
| antibody | Ab, disease fighting protein created by immune system in response to specific antigen |
| immune reaction | antigen-antibody reaction, binding foreign antigens to antibodies to form AgAb complexes |
| lymphocytes | WBC that specialize so they can attack specific microorganisms, 2 major classes are Bcells and Tcells |
| B cell | makes only one specific antibldy, activated on contact and puncture the cell membrane in AgAb response |
| immunoglobulin M | first produced when body is challenged by Ag and found in circulating fluids |
| Immunoglobulin G | second produced, most common type found in plasma |
| immunoglobulin A | major antibody protects against invasion throught mucous membranes, found primarily in tissue |
| immunoglobulin E | provides defense against environmental Ag |
| immunoglobulin D | found in small amounts in serum and plays a role in Bcell differentiation |
| T cell | small circulating lymphocytes that have traveled to thymus, primary function is to coordinate immune defenses and kill invading organisms |
| interferon | produced by Tcells, family of proteins released by cells when invaded by virus |
| lymphokines | produced by Tcells, direct immune response by signaling between cells of immune system |
| macrophage | type of phagocyte, protexts body by eating invading cells |
| phagocyte | wbch ability to eat and destroy substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen and pathogens, process known as phagocytosis |
| immunity | state of being resistant or not susceptible to specific disease, natural-passed from mother to baby, aquired-obtained by development of antibodies during an attack, artificial-acquired through vaccination |
| allergy | hypersensitivity, over reaction by body to particular Ag |
| cellular response | localized or delayed allergic response, body doesn't react the first time but sensitivity is established and future contacts cause symptoms |
| systemic reaction | anaphylaxis, severe reponse to foreign substance |
| antihistamines | medications administered to block and control allergic reactions |
| autoimmune disorder | immune system misreads normal Ag and creates Ab and directs Tcells against body's own tissues |
| immunodeficiency disorder | condition that occurs when one or more parts of immune system are deficient, missing, weakened or compromised |
| autoimmune disorder and affected body system - crohn's disease | intestines, ileum or colon (chpt 8) |
| autoimmune disorder and affected body system - diabetes mellitus, type 1 | insulin producing pancreatic cells (chpt 13) |
| autoimmune disorders and affected body system - graves' disease | thyroid gland (chpt 13) |
| autoimmune disorders and affected body system - hashimoto's thyroiditis | thyroid gland (chpt 13) |
| autoimmune disorder and affected body system - lupus erythematosus | skin and other body systems (chpt 12) |
| autoimmune disorders and affected body systems - myasthenia gravis | nerve/muscle symapses (chpt 4) |
| autoimmune disorders and affected body system - multiple sclerosis | brain and spinal cord ( chpt 10) |
| autoimmune disorder and affected body system - psoriasis | skin (chpt 12) |
| autoimmune disorder and affected body system - rheumatioid arthritis | connective tissues (chpt 3) |
| autoimmune disorder and affected body system - scleroderma | skim and other tissues (chpt 12) |
| immunosuppression | tratment used to interfere with ability of immune system to respond to stimulation by Ag |
| antineoplastic | blocks growth of meoplasms and is used to treat cancer |
| pathogen | microorganism that causes a disease |
| bacteria | group of 1 celled microscopic organisms, types include bacilli, rickettsia, spirochestes, staphylococci, and streptococci |
| fungus | simple parasitic plant |
| yeast | type of fungus |
| parasite | plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism |
| viruses | very small infectious agents that live only by invading cells |
| antibiotic | chemical substance that is capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic microorganisms |
| bactericide | substance that causes the death of bacteria |
| bacteriostatic | agent that inhibits, slows, or retards growth of bacteria |
| antiviral drug | used to treat viral infections or provide temporary immunity, not effective aginst viruses |
| oncology | study of the prevention, causes and treatment of tumors and cancer |
| tumor | neoplasm, new and abnormal tissue formation |
| angiogenesis | tumor supports its growth by creating own blood supply |
| benign | no spreading, nonmalignant and with favorable chance for recovery |
| malignant | harmful, tending to spread, becoming progressively worse, and life threatening |
| carcinoma in situ | CIT, malignant tumor in original position that has not yest invaded surrounding tissues |
| invasive malignancy | grows and spreads into healthy adjacent tissue |
| metastasize | process which cancer spreads from one place to another, metastasis new cancer site that results from spreading process |
| staging | process of classifying tumors with respect to how far progressed, potential response to therapy and patients prognosis |
| carcinoma | CA, malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue |
| lymphomas | general term applied to malignancies that develop in lymphatic system |
| blastoma | neoplasm composed chiefly or entirely of immature undifferentiated cells |
| chemotherapy | use of chemical agents and drugs to destroy malignant cells and tissues |
| radiation therapy | use of x-rays to destroy cancer while sparing healthy tissues |
| brachytherapy | use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into tissues being reated |
| teletherapy | radiation therapy administered at a distance from body, aim doses more precisely |
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