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Chap 15 Government
Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolition Movement | Social movement before the Civil War whose goal was to abolish slavery throughout the United States |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's 1862 Civil War declaration that all slaves residing in rebel states were free. It did not abolish all slavery; that would be done by the 13th Amendment in 1865 |
| Reconstruction | The post-Civil War period when the Southern states were occupied by federal troops and newly freed African Americans ocuupied many political offices and exercised civil rights |
| Jim Crow | Second- class-citizen status conferred on blacks by southern segregation laws; derived from a nineteenth century song-and- dance act (usaully performed ny a white man in blackface)that stereotyped blacks |
| Abolition Movement | Social movement before the Civil War whose goal was to abolish slavery throughout the United States |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's 1862 Civil War declaration that all slaves residing in rebel states were free. It did not abolish all slavery; that would be done by the 13th Amendment in 1865 |
| Reconstruction | The post-Civil War period when the Southern states were occupied by federal troops and newly freed African Americans ocuupied many political offices and exercised civil rights |
| Jim Crow | Second- class-citizen status conferred on blacks by southern segregation laws; derived from a nineteenth century song-and- dance act (usaully performed ny a white man in blackface)that stereotyped blacks |
| Seperate but equal | Ruling of the supreme court in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) to the effect that segregated facilities were legal as long as the facilities were equal |
| De Facto Segregation | Racial imbalances not directly caused by official actions but rather by residential patterns |
| Nonviolent Direct Actions | Strategy used by civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., in which protesters break "unjust" laws openly but in a "loving" fashion in oder to bring the injustices of such laws to public attention |
| Strict Scrutiny | Supreme Court holding that race-based actions by government can be done only to remedy past discrimination or to further a "compelling" interest and must ne "narrowly tailored" to minimize effects on the rights of others |
| Affermative Action | Any program, whose goals is to overcome the results of past unequal treatment of minorities and/or women by giving members of these groups preferential treatment in admissions, hiring, promotions, or other aspects of life |
| Diversity | Term in higher education that refers to racial, gender, and ethnic representation among students and faculty |
| Quota | Provision of some affirmative action programs in which specific numbers or percentages of positions are open only to minorities and/or women |
| Bakke case | U.S. Supreme Court case challenging affirmative action |
| Direct Disrcimination | Now illegal practice of differential pay for men versus women even when those individuals have equal qualifications and perform the same job |
| Set-Aside Program | Program in which a specified number or percentage of contacts must go to designated minorities |
| Comparable Worth | Argument that pay levels for traditionally male and traditionally female jobs shoiuld be equalized by paying equally all jobs that are "worth about the same" to an employer |
| Strict Scrutiny | Supreme Court holding that race-based actions by government can be done only to remedy past discrimination or to further a "compelling" interest and must ne "narrowly tailored" to minimize effects on the rights of others |
| Diversity | Term in higher education that refers to racial, gender, and ethnic representation among students and faculty |
| Title IX | A provision in the Federal Education act forbidding discrimination against women in college athletic programs |
| Equal Rights Amendments (ERA) | A proposed constitutional amendment, passed by congress but never ratified by three- quarters of the states, that would have explicitly guaranteed equal rights for women |
| Direct Disrcimination | Now illegal practice of differential pay for men versus women even when those individuals have equal qualifications and perform the same job |
| Comparable Worth | Argument that pay levels for traditionally male and traditionally female jobs shoiuld be equalized by paying equally all jobs that are "worth about the same" to an employer |
| Glass Ceiling | "Invisible" barriers to women rising to the highest positions in corporations and the professions |
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