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Anatomy 3rd&4th
Chapter 6 Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Epimysium | surrounds skeletal muscle by a connective tissue sheath. |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium. |
| Perimysium | loose connective tissue. |
| Fibers | single muscle cells. |
| Endomysium | surrounds each fiber by connective tissue sheath. |
| Myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments. |
| Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments. |
| Sarcomeres | highly ordered units. |
| Resting Membrane Potential | charge difference across the membrane. |
| Action Potential | brief reversal act of the charge. |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| Neuromuscular Junction | synapse near the center of the cell. |
| Motor Unit | a single motor unit neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. |
| Presynaptic Terminal | enlarged nerve terminal. |
| Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | muscle fiber. |
| Synaptic Vesicles | secrete acetylcholine. |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter. |
| Acetylcholinesterase | ensures that one action potential in the neuron. |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. |
| Muscle Twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| Threshold | muscle fiber will contract maximally. |
| All-or-none Response | when muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until stimulus reaches threshold level. |
| Lag Phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. |
| Contraction Phase | time of contraction. |
| Relaxation Phase | time during which the muscle relaxes. |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| Recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated. |
| Creatine Phosphate | When at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule. |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen (more efficient) |
| Oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
| Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| Isometric (equal distance) | the length of the muscles does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| Isotonic (equal tensions) | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of muscle changes |
| Muscle tone | the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Origin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another. |
| Muscles | Help to produce heat essential for maintence of normal body temp. |
| Muscle Fasciculi (fascicle) | a muscle that is composed of numerous visible bundles |
| Muscle fiber | Each one is a single cyndrical cell containing several nuclei |
| Cytoplasm | Each one has a fiber filled with myofibrils |
| The sacromere | the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle |
| Each Sarcomere | extends from one Z line (disc) to another Z line (Disc) |
| Each Z line | An attachment site for actin |
| Arrangement of actin and myosin | They give a banded appearance |
| A BAnd | extends the length of the myosin |
| Membrane Potential outside | outside of most cell membranes is positively charged compared to the inside of the cell membrane |
| Axons | Axons enter the muscles and branches |
| Nerve supply | Many motors form a single muscle |
| The acetycholine | Diffuses across the synaptic cleft and blinds to the post synaptic terminal causing a change in the |
| Fasciculi | A muscle composed of numerous visible bundles |
| What is the sliding mechanicism of muscle contraction? | Sliding of actin myofilaments pass myosin myofilaments during contraction. |
| Muscle twitch | A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causs the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| Tetany | Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| Isometric contraction | length of the muscle that does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contracaption process. |
| Isotonic Contraction | The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes. |
| What are extrinsic tongue muscles? | Muscles that change the shape of your tongue. |
| What are intrinsic tongue muscles? | Muscles that Move your tongue. |
| Frontalis | Covers the frontal line. |
| Orbicularis Oculi | opens and closes the eyes. |
| Orbicularis Oris | forms the tissue of the lips. |
| Buccinator | Circular muscles of the lips. |
| Zygomaticus | Extends from the corner of the mouth to the cheek bone. |
Created by:
svsenior2013
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