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Stack #109722
Cardiovascular System
| cardiovascular system | chapter 5 |
|---|---|
| angi/o | blood, lymph vessels |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arter/o, arteri/o | arteries |
| ather/o | plaque, fatty substance |
| brady- | slow |
| card/o, cardi/o | heart |
| coron/o | coronary, crown |
| -emia | blood, blood condition |
| erythr/o | red |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood, relating to blood |
| leuk/o | white |
| phleb/o | vein |
| tachy- | fast, rapid |
| thromb/o | clot |
| ven/o | vein |
| pericardium | double-walled mambranous sac that encloses heart |
| pericardial fluid | between layers, prevents friction |
| epicardium | external layer, also part of pericardium |
| myocardium | middle and thickest layer |
| endocardium | lining of heart, inner surface |
| atria | 2 upper receiving chambers |
| interatrial septum | separating wall |
| ventricles | 2 lower thicker walled chambers, all vessels leave heart from here |
| interventricular septum | separating wall |
| tricuspid valve | TV, 3 point opening between R atrium and R ventricle |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | half moon opening between R ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| mitral valve | MV, bicuspid, 2 point opening between L atrium and L ventricle |
| aortic semiluna valve | half moon shaped opening between L ventricle and aorta |
| systemic circulation | blood flows to all point except lungs, o2 rich goes out L ventricle into arterial circulation, o2 poor comes in R atrium from veins |
| pulmonary circulation | blood flows between heart and lungs, o2 poor goes out R ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs, o2 rich comes in L atrium from pulmonary veins |
| sinoatrial node | natural pacemaker, posterior wall of R atrium, starts contraction of both atria forcing blood into ventricles |
| atrioventricular node | on floor of R atrium, transmits electric umpulses to bundle of his |
| bundle of his | within interventricular septum, carries impulses to purkinje fibers causing ventricles to contract forcing blood into aorta adn pulmonary arteries |
| lumen | opening within arteries, capillaries, and veins |
| arteries | carry o2 rich blood from heart to all points |
| aorta | main trunk, begins from L ventricle |
| coronary artery | branches from aorta, supplies blood to myocardium |
| arterioles | smaller thinner branches, carry blood to capillaries |
| capillaries | smallest vessels in body, connect arterial and venous circulatory systems, exchange o2, nutrients, and waste materials |
| veins | return waste filled blood to heart, thin walled with valves for 1 way flow, venules small veins join up to make larger vein |
| venae cavae | 2 large veins that enter heart |
| superior vena cava | brings blood from upper portion of body |
| inferior vena cava | brings blood from lower portion of body |
| blood pressure | systolic- ventricles contract, highest pressure, diastolic- ventricles relax, lowest pressure |
| blood composition | 55% liquid plasm, 45% formed elements (blood corpuscle) |
| blood corpuscles | red and white blood cells, platelets |
| plasma | straw colored, contains nutrients, hormones, waste products, water, proteins, and clotting proteins |
| serum | plasma with clotting proteins removed |
| fibrinogen and prothrombin | clotting proteins |
| erythrocytes | mature red blood cells |
| hemoglobin | iron containing pigment that transports o2 from lungs to all points |
| reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte with meshlike pattern of threads |
| macrophanges | from spleen,liver, and bone marrow destroy erythrocytes after no longer useful 120 days |
| leukocytes | white blood cells, protects body from harmful bacteria |
| neutrophils | fight infection by phagocytosis, most common of WBC, indicate bacterial infection |
| phagocytosis | process of engulfing and swallowing germs |
| basophils | promote inflammatory response, indicate allergic condition |
| eosinophils | increase in reponse to allergic reaction |
| lymphocytes | protect body against disease |
| monocytes | protect against disease, indicates chronic infection |
| trombocytes | platelets, fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes, become sticky and form clots |
| cardiologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of heart |
| hematologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases adn disorders of blood and blood forming tissues |
| coronary artery disease | CAD, atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, cause angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and death |
| end stage CAD | unrelenting angina pain and severly limited lifestyle |
| isch- | hold back |
| ischemia | deficiency in blood supply |
| angina pectoris | choking/suffocating chest pain caused by interference of o2 to myocardium |
| infarct | localized area of necrosis caused by interruption of blood supply |
| prolapse | falling down |
| cardiac arrhythmia | dysrhythmia, irregularity or loss of normal rhythm |
| fibrillation | rapid, random, and ineffective contractions of heart |
| perfusion | flow of blood through the vessels of an organ |
| aneurysm | localized weak spot, balloon-like enlargement of wall of artery, ruptures often fatal |
| thrombus | blood clot attached to interior wall of vein or artery |
| occlusion | blockage in canal, vessel, or passageway |
| embol | something inserted |
| embolus | foreign object, blood clot, air, gas, tissue, or tumor, circulating in blood |
| embolism | blockage of vessel by embolus |
| -crasia | mixture, blending |
| chromat/o | color |
| hemochromatosis | iron overload disease |
| septicemia | blood poisoning |
| cholesterol | lipids (fatty substances) travel in packages called lipoproteins |
| low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | LDL, bad, contribute to plaque buildup |
| high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | HDL, good, doesn't contribute to plaque buildup |
| triglycerides | combination of fatty acids attached to glycerol found normally in blood in limited quantities |
| homocysteine | amino acid normally found in blood, used to build tissue, high levels can damage arterial walls and increase rick of CAD |
| -penia | deficiency |
| plast/o | growth, mold |
| -lytic | destroy |
| essential hypertension | primary, idiopathic, unknown origin |
| secondary hypertension | caused by different medical problem, when other problem cured hypertension should resolve |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | balloon angioplasty |
| coronary artery bypass graft | CABG, bypass surgery, vein from leg implanted on heart to bypass blockage in coronary artery |
| minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass | MIDCABG, keyhole/buttonhole bypass |
| defibrillation | cardioversion, use of electric shock to restore hearts normal rhythm |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | CPR |
| -stasis | stopping, controlling |
| plasmapheresis | plasma is removed from blood then returned to donor, to reduce/eliminate harmful substances |
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