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Why did the Jacksonian charge of a "corrupt bargain" to gain John Quincy Adams the presidency begin?
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Which of the following was NOT among the factors that made John Quincy Adams's presidency a political failure?
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APUSH Unit 4.
Chapters 13-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the Jacksonian charge of a "corrupt bargain" to gain John Quincy Adams the presidency begin? | Clay was named secretary of state after throwing his support to Adams. |
| Which of the following was NOT among the factors that made John Quincy Adams's presidency a political failure? | Adams's involvement with correct machine deals and politicians |
| Andrew Jackson's appeal to the common people arose partly because... | He had risen from the masses and reflected many of their prejudices in his personal attitudes and outlook. |
| One political development that illustrated the new popular voice in politics was... | The growth of the spoils system as a basis for large political "machines" |
| What differences did the North and South have in the "Tariff of Abominations"? | New England backed high tariffs while the South demanded lower duties. |
| Under the surface of the South's strong opposition to the "Tariff of Abominations" was... | A fear of growing federal power that might interfere with slavery. |
| Some southeastern Indian tribes like the Cherokees were notable for their... | Development of effective agricultural, educational, and political institutions. |
| In promoting his policy of Indian removal, President Andrew Jackson... | Defied rulings of the US Supreme Court that favored the Cherokees. |
| Jackson's veto of the Bank of the United States recharter bill represented... | A bold assertion of presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors. |
| One important result of President Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States was... | The lack of a stable banking system to finance the era of rapid industrialization. |
| Among the new political developments that appeared in the election of 1832 were... | Third-party campaigning, national conventions, and party platforms. |
| What happened in the immediate aftermath of the successful Texas Revolution? | Texas petitioned to join the United States but was refused admission. |
| The Panic of 1837 and subsequent depression were caused by... | Over-speculation and Jackson's financial policies. |
| Who were the two most prominent leaders of the Whig Party? | Henry Clay and Daniel Webster |
| What did the Whig party think about the federal government's role? | It should have a strong role in both economic and moral issues. |
| New, circus-like method of nominating presidential candidates that involved wider participation but usually left effective control in the hands of the party bosses | Convention |
| Small, short-lived third political party that originated a new method of nominating presidential candidates in the election campaign of 1831-1832 | Anti-Masonic Party |
| Contemptuous Jacksonian term for the alleged political deal by which Clay threw his support to Adams in exchange for a high cabinet office | "Corrupt bargain" |
| Office to which President Adams appointed Henry Clay | Secretary of State |
| The popular idea that public offices should be handed out on the basis of political support rather than special qualifications | Spoils System |
| Scornful southern term for the high Tariff of 1828 | Tariff of Abominations |
| Theory promoted by John C. Calhoun and other South Carolinians that said states had the right to disregard federal laws to which they objected | Nullification |
| The "moneyed monster" that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832 | Bank of the United States |
| Ritualistic secret societies that became the target of a momentarily powerful third party in 1832 | Masons |
| Religious believers, originally attracted to the Anti-Masonic party and then to the Whigs, who sought to use political power for moral and religious reform | Evangelicals |
| Two of the southeastern Indian peoples who were removed to Oklahoma | Choctaws, Creeks |
| The sorrowful path along which thousands of southeastern Indians were removed to Oklahoma | Trail of Tears |
| The nation from which Texas won its independence in 1836 | Mexico |
| Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government | Whigs |
| Popular symbols of the bogus but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor-boy" William Henry Harrison in 1840 | Log cabin, hard cider |
| Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people | Sequoyah |
| Political party that generally stressed individual liberty, the rights of the common people, and hostility to privilege | Democrats |
| Seminole leader whose warriors killed 1500 American soldiers in years of guerrilla warfare | Osceola |
| Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence | Sam Houston |
| Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat the Texans | Santa Anna |
| Former vice president, leader of the South Carolina nullifiers, and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson | John C. Calhoun |
| Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms | Whigs |
| Original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government | Stephen Austin |
| A frontier hero, Tennessee Congressman, and teller of tall tales who died in the Texas War for Independence | David Crocket |
| "Old Tippecanoe," who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard-drinking common man of the frontier | William Henry Harrison |
| Jackson's rival for the presidency in 1832, who failed to save the Bank of the United States | Henry Clay |
| The "wizard of Albany," whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson | Martin Van Buren |
| Talented but high-handed bank president who fought a bitter losing battle with the president of the United States | Nicholas Biddle |
| Aloof New England statesman whose elitism made him an unpopular leader in the new era of mass democracy | John Quincy Adams |
| Illinois-Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832 | Black Hawk |
| What was the effect of the growth of American migration into northern Mexico? | Laid the basis for a political conflict that resulted in Texas independence |
| What was the effect of the demand of many whites to acquire Indian land in Georgia and other states? | Fueled the political pressures that led Andrew Jackson to forcibly remove the Cherokees and others |
| What was the effect of the Anti-Masonic Party? | Brought many evangelical Christians into politics and showed that others besides Jackson could stir up popular feelings |
| Cause: The failure of any candidate to win an electoral majority in the four-way election of 1824 | Effect: Threw the bitterly contested election into the US House of Representatives |
| Cause: President Adams's strong nationalistic policies | Effect: Aroused the bitter opposition of westerners and southerners, who were increasingly sectionalist |
| Cause: The high New England-backed Tariff of 1828 | Effect: Provoked protests and threats of nullification from South Carolina |
| Cause: Andrew Jackson's "war" against Nicholas Biddle and his policies | Effect: Got the government out of banking but weakened the American financial system |
| Cause: Jackson's belief that any ordinary American could hold government office | Effect: Laid the foundation for the spoils system that fueled the new mass political parties |
| Cause: The Panic of 1837 | Effect: Caused widespread human suffering and virtually guaranteed Martin Van Buren's defeat in 1840 |
| The experience of frontier life was especially difficult for... | Women |
| As late as 1850, over one-half of the American population was under what age? | 30 |
| The primary economic activity in the Rocky Mountain West before the Civil War was... | Fur-trapping |
| Americans came to look on their spectacular western wilderness areas especially as... | One of the things that defined and distinguished America as a new nation. |
| The American painter who developed the idea for a national park system was... | George Caitlin |
| The two major sources of European immigration to American in the 1840s and 1850s were... | Germany and Ireland |
| Nation where a potato famine in the 1840s led to a great migration of its people to America | Ireland |
| Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America | Ancient Order of Hibernians |
| Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions and came to America | Forty-Eighters |
| Americans who protested and sometimes rioted against Roman Catholic immigrants | Nativists/Know-Nothing Party |
| The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750 | Industrial Revolution |
| Whitney's invention that enhanced cotton production and gave new life to black slavery | Cotton gin |
| Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture than their own share of a corporation's stock | Limited liability |
| Morse's invention that provided instant communication across distance | Telegraph |
| Common source of early factory labor, often underpaid, whipped, and brutally beaten | Women/children |
| Working people's organizations, often considered illegal under early American law | Union |
| McCormick's invention that vastly increased the productivity of the American grain farmer | Mechanical reaper |
| The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War | National Road |
| Fulton's invention that made river transportation a two-way affair | Steamboat |
| "Clinton's Big Ditch" that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago | Erie Canal |
| Beautiful but short-lived American ships, replaced by "tramp steamers" | Clipper ships |
| Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business | Cyrus McCormick |
| New York governor who built the Erie Canal | DeWitt Clinton |
| Inventor of a machine that revolutionized the ready-made clothing industry | Elias Howe |
| Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics | Know-Nothings |
| Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858 | Cyrus Field |
| Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791 | Samuel Slater |
| Painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance | Samuel F.B. Morse |
| Developer of a "folly" that made rivers two-way streams of transportation | Robert Fulton |
| Radical, secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s | Molly Maguires |
| Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production and created the system of interchangeable parts | Eli Whitney |
| Pioneering Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that declared labor unions legal | Commonwealth v. Hunt |
| Cause: The open, rough-and-tumble society of the American West | Effect: Made Americans strongly individualistic and self-reliant |
| Cause: Natural population growth and increasing immigration from Ireland and Germany | Effect: Made the fast-growing United State the fourth most populous nation in the Western world |
| Cause: The poverty and Roman Catholic faith of most Irish immigrants | Effect: Aroused nativist hostility and occasional riots |
| Cause: Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin | Effect: Transformed southern agriculture and gave new life to slavery |
| Cause: The passage of general incorporation and limited-liability laws | Effect: Enabled businesspeople to create more powerful and effective joint-stock capital ventures |
| Cause: The early efforts of labor unions to organize and strike | Effect: Aroused fierce opposition from businesspeople and guardians of law |
| Cause: Improved western transportation and the new McCormick reaper | Encouraged western farmers to specialize in cash-crop agricultural production for eastern and European markets |
| Cause: The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 | Effect: Opened the Great Lakes states to rapid economic growth and suprred the development of major cities |
| Cause: The development of a strong east-west rail network | Effect: Bound the two northern sections together across the mountains and tended to isolate the South |
| Cause: The replacement of household production by factory-made, store-bought goods | Effect: Weakened many women's economic status and pushed them into a separate "sphere" of home and family |
| The tendency toward nationalism and indifference in religion was reversed around 1800 by... | The revivalist movement called the Second Great Awakening |
| Two denominations that especially gained adherents among the common people of the West and South were... | Methodists and Baptists |
| The Second Great Awakening derived its religious strength especially from... | The popular preaching of evangelical revivalists both in the West and eastern cities |
| Evangelical preachers like Charles Grandison Finney linked personal religious conversion to... | The Christian reform of social problems |
| The term "Burned-Over District" refers to.. | The region of western New York State that experienced especially frequent and intense revivals |
| The major effect of the growing slavery controversy on the churches was... | The split of Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians into separate northern and southern churches |
| Besides their practice of polygamy, the Mormons aroused hostility from many Americans because of... | Their cooperative economic practices that ran contrary to American economic individualism |
| The major promoter of an effective tax-supported system of public education for all American children was... | Horace Mann |
| Reformer Dorthea Dix worked for the cause of... | Better treatment of the mentally ill |
| One cause of women's subordination in nineteenth-century America was... | The sharp division of labor that separated women at home from men in the workplace. |
| The Seneca Falls Convention launched the modern women's rights movement with its call for... | Equal rights, including the right to vote. |
| Many of the American utopian experiments of the early nineteenth century focused on... | Communal economics and alternative sexual arrangements |
| Two leading female imaginative writers who added to New England's literary prominence were... | Louisa May Alcott and Emily Dickinson |
| The Knickerbocker Group of American writers included... | Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant |
| The transcendentalist writers such as Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller stressed the ideas of... | Inner truth and individual self-reliance |
| Liberal religious belief, held by many of the Founding Fathers, that stressed rationalism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelation | Deism |
| Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward, stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life | Second Great Awakening |
| Two two religious denominations that benefited from the evangelical revivals of the early nineteenth century | Methodists, Baptists |
| Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah | Mormons |
| Memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the Declaration of Independence | Seneca Falls Convention |
| Commune established in Indiana by Scottish industrialist Robert Owen | New Harmony |
| Intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking" | Brook Farm |
| Thomas Jefferson's stately self-designed home in Virginia that became a model of American architecture | Monticello |
| New York literary movement that drew on both regional and national themes | Knickerbocker Group |
| The doctrine, promoted by American writer Henry David Thoreau in an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. | Civil disobedience |
| Walt Whitman's shocking collection of emotional poems | Leaves of Grass |
| Philosophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced many American writers of the early nineteenth century | Transcendentalism |
| A disturbing New England masterpiece about adultery and guilt in the old Puritan era | The Scarlet Letter |
| The great but commercially unsuccessful novel about Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of a white whale | Moby Dick |
| The masterpiece of New England writer Louisa May Alcott | Little Women |
| Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill | Dorthea Dix |
| The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah | Brigham Young |
| Leading feminist who wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" in 1848 and pushed for women's suffrage | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported the abolition of slavery | Lucretia Mott |
| Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality | Emily Dickinson |
| Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening | Charles G. Finney |
| Idealistic Scottish industrialist whose attempt at a communal utopia in America failed | Robert Owen |
| Leader of a radical New York commune that practiced "complex marriage" and eugenic birth control | John Humphrey Noyes |
| Pioneering women's educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts | Mary Lyon |
| Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling transcendentalist family | Louisa May Alcott |
| Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization | James Fenimore Cooper |
| Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-rate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture | Ralph Waldo Emerson |
| Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy | Walt Whitman |
| Eccentric southern-born genius whose tales of mystery, suffering, and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends | Edgar Allen Poe |
| New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece | Herman Melville |
| Cause: The Second Great Awakening | Effect: Inspired a widespread spirit of evangelical reform in many areas of American life |
| Cause: The Mormon practice of polygamy | Effect: Aroused persecution from morally traditionalist Americans and delayed statehood for Utah |
| Cause: Women abolitionists' anger at being ignored by male reformers | Effect: Led to expanding the crusade for equal rights to include women |
| Cause: The women's rights movement | Effect: Aroused hostility and scorn in most of the males press and pulpit |
| Cause: Unrealistic expectations and conflict within perfectionist communes | Effect: Caused most utopian experiments to decline or collapse in a few years |
| Cause: The Knickerbocker and transcendentalist use of new American themes in their writing | Effect: Created the first lterature genuinely native to America |
| Cause: Henry David Thoreau's theory of "civil disobedience" | Effect: Inspired later practitioners of nonviolence like Gandhi and King |
| Cause: Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass" | Effect: Captured in one long poem the exuberant and optimistic spirit of popular American democracy |
| Cause: Herman Melville's and Edgar Allen Poe's concern with evil and suffering | Effect: Made their works little understood in their lifetimes by generally optimistic Americans |
| Cause: The Transcendentalist movement | Effect: Inspired writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller |
| The primary market for southern cotton production was... | Britain |
| The invention that transformed the southern cotton economy was... | The cotton gin |
| A large portion of the profits from cotton growing went to what two groups? | Northern traders and European manufacturers |
| Among the economic consequences of the South's cotton economy was... | A dependence on the North for trade and manufacturing |
| How many slaves did most southern slaveholders have? | Fewer than ten |
| Even though they owned no slaves, most southern whites supported the slave system because... | They felt racially superior to blacks and hoped to be able to buy slaves |
| The only group of white southerners who strongly opposed slavery and the slaveowners were... | Appalachian mountain whites |
| True or false: Free blacks were treated better in the North than the South. | False. They were treated just as badly and sometimes worse in the North |
| Most of the growth in the African American slave population before 1860 came from... | Natural reproduction |
| Most slaveowners treated their slaves as... | Economically profitable investments |
| True or false: The African American family under slavery was generally stable and mutually supportive. | True |
| Most of the early abolitionists were motivated by... | Religious feeling against the "sin" of slavery |
| Frederick Douglass and some other abolitionists sought to end slavery by... | Promoting antislavery political movements like the Free Soil and Republican parties |
| After 1830, most southerners came to look on slavery as... | A positive good |
| By the 1850s, most northerners could be described as having what outlook on slavery? | Opposed to slavery but also hostile to immediate abolitionists |
| Term for the South that emphasized its economic dependence on a single staple product | Cotton Kingdom |
| Prosouthern New England textile owners who were economically tied to the southern "lords of the lash" | "Lords of the loom" |
| British novelist whose romantic vision of a feudal society made him highly popular in the South | Sir Walter Scott |
| The poor, vulnerable group that was the object of prejudice in the North and despised as a "third race" in the South | Free blacks |
| Theodore Dwight Weld's powerful antislavery book | American Slavery as It Is |
| The area of the South where most slaves were held, stretching from South Carolina across to Louisiana | Black Belt |
| Organization founded in 1817 to send blacks to Africa | American Colonization Society |
| The group of theology students, led by Theodore Dwight Weld, who were expelled for abolitionist activity and later became leading preachers of the anti-slavery gospel | Lane Rebels |
| William Lloyd Garrison's fervent abolitionist newspaper that preached an immediate end to slavery | "The Liberator" |
| Garrisonian abolitionist organization, founded in 1833, that included the eloquent Wendell Phillips among its leaders | American Anti-Slavery Society |
| Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives | Gag Resolution |
| Northern antislavery politicians, like Abraham Lincoln, who rejected radical abolitionism but sought to prohibit the expansion of slavery in the western territories | Free Soil Party |
| Wealthy New York abolitionist merchant whose home was demolished by a mob in 1834 | Lewis Tappan |
| Visionary black preacher whose bloody slave rebellion in 1831 tightened the reins of slavery in the South | Nat Turner |
| Midwestern institution whose president expelled eighteen students for organizing a debate on slavery | Lane Theological Seminary |
| New York free black woman who fought for emancipation and women's rights | Sojourner Truth |
| Leading radical abolitionist who burned the Constitution as a "covenant with death and an agreement with hell" | William Lloyd Garrison |
| Author of an abolitionist novel that portrayed the separation of slave families by auction | Harriet Beecher Stowe |
| Site of the last major southern debate over slavery and emancipation, in 1831-1832 | Virginia legislature |
| English novelist whose romantic medievalism encouraged the semifeudal ideals of the southern planter aristocracy | Sir Walter Scott |
| Black abolitionist who visited West Africa in 1859 to examine sites where African Americans might relocate | Martin Delany |
| Former president who fought for the right to discuss slavery in Congress | John Quincy Adams |
| Illinois editor whose death at the hands of a mob made him an abolitionist martyr | Elijah Lovejoy |
| West African republic founded in 1822 by freed blacks from the United States | Liberia |
| Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action | Frederick Douglass |
| Black abolitionist writer who called for a bloody end to slavery in an appeal of 1829 | David Walker |
| Leader of the "Lane Rebels" who wrote the powerful antislavery work American Slavery As It Is | Theodore Dwight Weld |
| Cause: Whitney's cotton gin and southern frontier expansionism | Effect: Turned the South into a booming one-crop economy where "cotton was king" |
| Cause: Excessive soil cultivation and financial speculation | Effect: Created dangerous weaknesses beneath the surface prosperity of the southern cotton economy |
| Cause: Belief in white superiority and the hope of owning slaves | Effect: Kept poor, non-slaveholding whites committed to a system that actually harmed them |
| Cause: The selling of slaves at auctions | Effect: Often resulted in the cruel separation of black families |
| Cause: The slaves' love of freedom and hatred of their condition | Effect: Caused slaves to work slowly, steal from their masters, and frequently run away |
| Cause: The religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening | Effect: Stirred a fervent abolitionist commitment to fight the "sin" of slavery |
| Cause: Politically minded abolitionists like Frederick Douglass | Effect: Opposed Garrison and organized the Liberty party and the Free Soil party |
| Cause: Garrison's Liberator and Nat Turner's bloody slave rebellion | Effect: Aroused deep fears of rebellion and ended rational discussion of slavery in the South |
| Cause: White southern defenses of slavery as a "positive good" | Widened the moral and political gap between the white South and the rest of the Western world |
| Cause: The constant abolitionist agitation in the North | Effect: Made abolitionists personally unpopular but convinced many Northerners that slavery was a threat to American freedom |
| The conflict between President Tyler and Whig leaders like Henry Clay took place over issues of... | Banking and tariff policy |
| Among the major sources of the tension between Britain and the US in the 1840s was... | American involvement in Canadian rebellions and border disputes |
| What was the Aroostook War? | A battle between American and Canadian lumberjacks over the northern Maine boundary |
| During the early 1840s, Texas maintained its independence by... | Establishing friendly relations with Britain and other European powers |
| True or false: Britain strongly supported an independent Texas because it was interested in eventually incorporating Texas into the British empire. | False |
| Texas was finally admitted to the Union in 1844 as a result of... | President Tyler's interpretation of the election of 1844 as a "mandate" to acquire Texas |
| "Manifest Destiny" represented the widespread American belief that... | God had destined the US to expand across the whole North American continent |
| Britain eventually lost out in the contest for the disputed Oregon territory because... | The rapidly growing number of American settlers overwhelmed the small British population |
| Henry Clay lost the election of 1844 to James Polk because... | His attempt to straddle the Texas annexation issue lost him votes to the antislavery Liberty Party in New York |
| The final result of the British-American conflict over the Oregon country in 1844-1846 was... | A compromise agreement on a border at the 49th parallel |
| The immediate cause of the Mexican War was... | Mexican refusal to sell California and a dispute over the Texas boundary |
| The phrase "spot resolutions" refers to... | Congressman Abraham Lincoln's resolution demanding to know the exact spot of American soil where American blood had supposedly been shed |
| The main American military campaign that finally captured Mexico City was commanded by... | General Winfield Scott |
| The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican War provided for... | American acquisition of about half of Mexico and payment of several million dollars in compensation |
| The major domestic consequence of the Mexican War was... | A sharp revival of the issue of slavery |
| British colony where Americans regularly aided anti-government rebels | Canada |
| State where "Aroostook War" was fought over a disputed boundary with Canada | Maine |
| Nation that strongly backed independence for Texas, hoping to turn it into an economic asset and antislavery bastion | Britain |
| Antislavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds | Conscience Whigs |
| Act of both houses of Congress by which Texas was annexed | Joint Resolution |
| Northern boundary of Oregon territory jointly occupied with Britain, advocated by Democratic party and others as the desired line of American expansion | 54 40' |
| 2000 mile long path along which thousands of Americans journeyed to the Willamette Valley in the 1840s | Oregon Trail |
| The widespread American belief that God had ordained the US to occupy all the territory of North America | Manifest Destiny |
| Small antislavery party that took enough votes from Henry Clay to cost him the election of 1844 | Liberty Party |
| Final compromise line that settled the Oregon boundary dispute in 1846 | 49th parallel |
| Rich Mexican province that Polk tried to buy and Mexico refused to sell | California |
| River that Mexico claimed as the Texas-Mexico boundary, crossed by Taylor's troops in 1846 | Nueces River |
| Resolution offered by Congressman Abraham Lincoln demanding to know the precise location where Mexicans had allegedly shed American blood on "American" soil | Spot Resolution |
| Treaty ending Mexican War and granting vast territories to the US | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Controversial amendment, which passed the House but not the Senate, stipulating the slavery should be forbidden in territory acquired from Mexico | Wilmot Proviso |
| Congressional author of the "spot resolutions" criticizing the Mexican War | Abraham Lincoln |
| "Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought US victory in the Mexican War | Winfield Scott |
| Leader of Senate Whigs and unsuccessful presidential candidate against Polk in 1844 | Henry Clay |
| Long-winded American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Nicholas Trist |
| Whig leader and secretary who negotiated an end to Maine boundary dispute in 1842 | Daniel Webster |
| Claimed by United States as southern boundary of Texas | Rio Grande |
| Dashing explorer/adventurer who led the overthrow of Mexican rule in California after war broke out | John C. Fremont |
| Clash between Canadians and Americans over disputed timber country | Aroostook War |
| Mexican military leader who failed to stop humiliating American invasion of his country | Santa Anna |
| Independent nation that was the object of British, Mexican, and French scheming in the early 1840s | Texas |
| American military hero who invaded northern Mexico from Texas in 1846-1847 | Zachary Taylor |
| Congressional author of resolution forbidding slavery in territory acquired from Mexico | David Wilmot |
| Dark-horse presidential winner in 1844 who effectively carried out ambitious expansionist campaign plans | James K. Polk |
| Northwestern territory in dispute between Britain and US, subject of "Manifest Destiny" rhetoric in 1844 | Oregon |
| Leader elected vice president on the Whig ticket who spent most of his presidency in bitter feuds with his fellow Whigs | John Tyler |
| Cause: Tyler's refusal to carry out his own Whig Party's policies | Effect: Split the Whigs and caused the entire cabinet except Webster to resign |
| Cause: Strong American hostility to Britain | Effect: Sparked bitter feuds over Canadian rebels, the boundaries of Maine and Oregon, and other issues |
| Cause: British support for the Texas Republic | Effect: Increased American determination to annex Texas |
| Cause: Rapidly growing American settlement in Oregon | Effect: Strengthened American claims to the Columbia River country and made Britain more willing to compromise |
| Cause: The upsurge of Manifest Destiny in the 1840s | Effect: Created widespread popular support for Polk's expansionist policies on Texas, Oregon, and California |
| Cause: Clay's unsuccessful attempts to straddle the Texas issue | Effect: Turned antislavey voters to the Liberty party and helped elect the expansionist Polk |
| Cause: Polk's frustration at Mexico's refusal to sell California | Effect: Helped lead to a controversial confrontation with Mexico along the Texas border |
| Cause: The overwhelming American military victory over Mexico | Effect: Enabled the US to take vast territories in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Cause: The rapid Senate ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Effect: Thwarted a growing movement calling for the US to annex all of Mexico |
| Cause: The Wilmot Proviso | Effect: Heated up the slavery controversy between North and South |
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