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Stack #109489
Skeletal System
| skeletal system | chapter 3 |
|---|---|
| ankyl/o | crooked, bent, stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| -desis | surgical fixation of bone or joint |
| kyph/o | bent, hump |
| lord/o | curve, swayback bent |
| -lysis | destruction, loosening |
| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o | bone |
| -poietic | formation |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae, back bone |
| -um | noun ending |
| red bone marrow | in spongy bone, makes red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and megakaryocytes |
| yellow bone marrow | in medullary cavity, made of fat cells and functions as fat storage area |
| periosteum | tough, fibrous tissue that forms outermost covering of bone |
| compact bone | hard, dense, very strong, outer layer |
| spongy bone | lighter, commonly found in ends and inner portions of long bones |
| medullary cavity | in shaft of long bone, lined with endosteum |
| cartilage | rubbery connective tissue acts as shock absorber between bones |
| articular cartilage | covers surfaces of bones to make smooth joint movement |
| meniscus | curved fibrous cartialge found in some joints like knee and tmj of jaw |
| diaphysis | shaft of long bone |
| epiphisis | wide end of long bone covered with articular cartilage |
| proximal epiphysis | end of bone nearest to midline |
| distal epiphysis | end of bone farthest away from midline |
| foramen | opening in bone which blood vessels, nerves nd ligaments pass |
| process | normal projuction on surface of bone for attaching muscles and tendons to. |
| articulations | joints |
| sutures | jagged line where bones join and form a joint that doesn't move |
| symphyses | cartilaginous joints, two bones held firmly together so they function as 1 bone |
| synovial joints | movable joints, ball and socket, hinge |
| ligaments | fibrous connective tissue that connects 1 bone to another bone |
| synovial membrane and fluid | membrane secretes lubricant to make smooth joint movement |
| bursa | fibrous sac acts as a cushion to ease movement |
| axial skeleton | protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems |
| axial skeleton consists of | skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum |
| appendicular skeleton | makes movement possible and protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction systems |
| appendicular skeleton consists of | shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet |
| 7 bones of cranium | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid |
| auditory ossicles | bones of middle ear |
| external auditory meatus | external opening of ear located in temporal bone |
| 8 bones of face | zygomatic (cheekbones), maxillary (upper jawbone), palatine, lacrimal, inferior conchae, vomer (nasal septum), mandible (lower jawbone), hyoid bone |
| thoracic cavity | rib cage, protects heart and lungs |
| costals | ribs, 7 pairs true ribs, 3 pairs false ribs, 2 pairs floating ribs |
| sternum | breastbone, manubrium (uppermost), body (middle), xiphoid process (cartilage, lowermost) |
| pectoral girdle | clavical (collor bone), scapula (shoulder blade), acromion (high point of shoulder) |
| arms | humerus (upper), radius (smaller bone of forarm), ulna (larger bone of forarm), alecranon process (funny bone, point of elbow) |
| wrists and hands | carpals (8 bones of wrist), metacarpals (palm of hand), phalanges ( fingers, distal, medial, and proximal) |
| vertebrae | 26 vertebrae, body (anterior portion), lamina (posterior portion), foramen ( opening for spinal cord) |
| vertebral column | cervical (first set of 7, forms neck), thoracic (next set of 12, outward curve), lumbar (last set of 5, inward curve) |
| intervertebral disks | made of cartilage, separate and cushion vertebrae |
| sacrum | curved triangular bone at base of spine |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| pelvic girdle | ilium (blade-shaped part of hip), sacroiliac (slightly moveable joint between sacrum and ilium), ischium (lower posterior portion), pubis (anterior portion), acetabulum (large socket for head of femur) |
| upper leg | femur, head (articulates with hip), femoral neck (narrow area just below head), trochanter (2 large projections on upper end just below neck) |
| knees | patella (anterior portion), papliteal (posterior surface), anterior/posterior cruciate ligament (shaped like cross, make movement possible) |
| lower leg | tibia (shinbone, larger weight-bearing bone, anterior), fibula (smaller bone) |
| ankles and feet | tarsals (bones of ankle), malleolus (round boney protuberance), talus (articualtes with tibia and fibula), calcaneus (heel bone), metatarsals (bones of foot), phalanges (bones of toes) |
| orthopedic surgeon | specializes in diagnosing , treating diseases and disorders of bones, joints, and muscles |
| osteopathic physician | specialize in treating health problems by manipulation |
| podiatrist | specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot |
| rheumatologist | specializes in diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases |
| rheumatism | acute/crhonic conditions of inflammation and deterioration of connective tissues |
| hallux valgus | bunion, abnormal enlargment of joint at base of great toe |
| luxation | dislocation of bone from joint |
| subluxation | partial displacement of bone from joint |
| arthritis | joint, inflammation |
| osteoarthritis | wear/tear, most common with aging |
| gouty arthritis | formation of uric acid crystals in joints |
| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder, synovial membranes are inflamed and thicked causing joints to be swollen, painful and immobile |
| ankylosing spondylitis | progressive stiffening of spine caused by fusion of vertebral bodies |
| herniated disk | rupture of disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots |
| lumbago | low back pain |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| kyphosis | abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine (humpback, dowager's hump) |
| lordosis | abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine (swayback) |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of spine |
| exostosis | benign growth of surface of bone |
| paget's disease | osteitis deformans, extensive bone destruction followed by abnormal bone repair |
| rickets | calcium and vitamin D deficiencies in early childhood |
| talipes | clubfoot, foot may be turned in or out |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor of connective tissue |
| ewing's sarcoma | usually occur in diaphyses of long bones in arms and legs |
| osteoperosis | loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity associated with aging |
| greenstick fracture | incomplete, hairline, bone is partially bent or broken |
| closed fracture | simple/complete, transverse (straight across), oblique (at an angle), bone is broken but no open wound |
| open fracture | compound, bone is broken and there is an open wound |
| comminuted fracture | bone is splintered or crushed |
| compression fracture | bone is pressed together on itself |
| spiral fracture | bone is twisted apart |
| stress fracture | small crack in bone from chronic excessive impact |
| fat embolus | when long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are feleased into blood |
| crepitation | crackling sensation felt and heard when broken ends move together |
| callus | bulging deposit around area of break |
| bone density testing | bone mass measurement, densitomenty, several types of radiation to determine bone density |
| autologous transplant | using patient's own bone marrow |
| allogenic transplant | using bone marrow from a donor |
| -clasis | break |
| manipulation | closed reduction, application of manually applied forces then immobilized |
| traction | pulling force exerted on limb in distal direction |
| immobilization | stabilization |
| external fixation | pins placed through soft tissues and bone so an external appliance can be used to hold bone firmlu in place |
| internal fixation | open reduction, pins or plate placed directly into bone to hold pieces in place |
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