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Stack #109460
Human Body in Health & Disease
| Human Body in Health & Disease | chapter 2 |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| caud/o | lower part of body, tail |
| cephal/o | head |
| col/o | colon, large intestine |
| coron/o | coronary, crown |
| cyt/o | cell |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hist/o | tissue |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| lapar/o | abdomen, abdomen wall |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| oste/o | bone |
| path/o | disease, suffering, feeling |
| retr/o | behind, backward, back of |
| anatomy | study of structures of body |
| physiology | study of functions of structures |
| vertical plane | up-down line |
| midsagittal | midline |
| sagittal | unequal left/right portions |
| coronal plane | frontal plane, front/back portions |
| horizontal plane | transverse plane, top/bottom portions |
| ventral | front, belly side |
| dorsal | back side |
| anterior | front, forward part |
| posterior | back part |
| superior | uppermost, above |
| inferior | lowermost, below |
| cephalic | toward head |
| caudal | toward lower part of body |
| proximal | nearest midline or begining of body structure |
| distal | farthest from midline or begining of body structure |
| medial | toward or nearer midline |
| lateral | toward or nearer side away from midline |
| bilateral | having two sides |
| dorsal cavity | protects nervouse system, cranial and spinal cavity |
| cranial cavity | within skull, protects brain |
| spinal cavity | within spinal column, protects spinal cord |
| ventral cavity | contains many body organs that maintain homeostasis, thoracic, abdoninal, and pelvic cavity |
| thoracic cavity | chest cavity, protects heart and lungs |
| abdoninal cavity | contains major organs of digestion |
| pelvic cavity | contains organs of reproductive and excretory systems |
| quadrants of abdomen | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| 9 regions of thorax and abdomen | R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L lumbar, umbilical, R/L iliac, hypogastric(inguinal,groin) |
| peritoneum | membrane that protects and supports organs in abdomen |
| parietal peritoneum | outer layer of membrane |
| visceral peritoneum | inner layer of membrane |
| mesentery | layer that suspends parts of intestine |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of clear/milky fluid |
| laparoscopy | visual exam of interior of abdomen |
| cytology | study of formation, structure, and function of cells |
| cell membrane | surrounds and protects the cell |
| cytoplasm | material within the cell membrane not part of nucleus |
| nucleus | controls activities of cell, helps cell divide |
| chromosomes | 22 identical pairs, 1 pair to determine sex of child |
| gametes | sex cells, 23 single chromosomes |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| genes | functional units of heredity |
| genetics | study of role of genes in health and disease |
| genetic disorders | hereditary disorders |
| cyctic fibrosis | GD disorder of exocrine gland |
| down syndrome | GD trisomy 21, degrees of mental retardation and physical abnormalities |
| hemophilia | GD group of bleeding disorders |
| huntington's disease | GD or chorea, progressive loss of muscle control and mental ability |
| muscular dystrophy | GD progressive weakness of muscle fibers |
| phenylketonuria | GD essential digestive enzyme is missing |
| sickle cell anemia | GD genes produce abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells |
| tay-sachs disease | GD progressive physical degeneration, mental retardation, early death |
| congenital disorders | abnormal condition at time of birth |
| developmental disorder | CD anomaly or malformation |
| prenatal influences | CD mother's health and prenatal care |
| birth injuries | CD not presnet before birth |
| histology | study of structure, composition and function of tissues |
| stem cells | precursor cells, divide without limit |
| epithelial tissue | form protective covering for all internal and external surfaces |
| epithelium | forms epidermis of skin nad mucous membrane |
| endothelium | lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs |
| connective tissue | supports and connects organs and other body tissues |
| dense connective tissue | bone, cartilage |
| adipose tissue | provides padding, insulation, support and nutrient reserve |
| loose connective tissue | surrounds organs and supports nerve and blood vessels |
| liquid connective tissue | blood and lymph |
| muscle tissue | ability to contract and relax |
| nerve tissue | ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses |
| -plasia | formation |
| a- | without |
| ana- | excessive |
| exocrine glands | secrete into ducts that lead outside body |
| endocrine glands | secrete hormones directly into bloodstream |
| -oma | tumor, benign |
| pathology | study of structural and functional changes coused by disease |
| etiology | study of causes of disease |
| communicable disease | contagious, direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| bloodborne transmission | contact with blood/body fluids that are contaminated |
| sexually transmitted | venereal, direct contact |
| airborne transmission | contact with material from cough or sneeze |
| food/waterborne transmission | eating or drinking contaminated food or water |
| epidemiologist | studies outbreaks of diseases within a population |
| endemic | ongoing presence of disease |
| epidemic | sudden and widespread outbreak of disease |
| pandemic | occurring over large area, possibly worldwide |
| infectious disease | illness caused by pathogenic organism |
| idiopathic disorder | illness without known cause |
| organic disorder | physical changes that explain the symptons being experienced |
| functional disorder | no detectable physical changes to explain symptoms being experienced |
| iatrogenic illness | unfavorable response to medical treatment |
| nosocomial infection | hospital aquired infection not present on admission |
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