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cardiovascular blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| O2 diffuse acroos what to get to tissues | cappillary walls |
| 3 characteristics of blood | sticky, opaque fluid, metallic taste |
| what is normal ph of blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| blood accounts for what % of body weight | 8% |
| the avarage volume of blood for males is | 5-6 L |
| the avarage volume of blood for females is | 4-5 L |
| what are 3 main functions of blood | distribution-H2O, gases, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, electrolytes,wastes Regulation- pH, temp, fluid volume Protection- clotting, antibodes, WBC, phagocytic cells |
| what is the bodys only fluid tissue | blood |
| when blood is centrifuged plasma is what % | 55%-soluable materials, water, (On top) |
| when blood is centrifuged formed elements is what % | 45%-cells RBS buffy coat- WBC and thrombocytes (platelets) |
| % of blood occupied by RBC is called what | hematocrit |
| plasma is mostly made up of what | 90% water |
| plasma proteins make up how much of plasma | 7% |
| how much alumin is in (plasma protein 7% of blood)and does what in plasma | 54%-produced by liver-function in maintaing water balance between blood and tissues by transportation of lipid soluable substances by osmosis |
| how much globulins is in (plasma protein 7% of blood)and does what in plasma | 38%-Alpha and Beta produced by liver to serve as antibodies transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, fat-soluable vitamins |
| how much Fibrinogen is in (plasma protein 7% of blood)and does what in plasma | 7%-produced by liver that are important for clotting in blood |
| how much is the other is in (plasma protein 7% of blood)and does what in plasma | 1.5%-electrolytes- maintain plasma osmatic pressure and normal pH Nutrients-absorbed from digestive track for transport Gases-O2, CO2 bond to hemoglobin inside RBC and bicarbonate ion dissolved in plasma hormones |
| what are the 4 main fuctions of blood | maintain water/ osmotic pressure clotting acid/base balance antibodies for protection |
| what makes up the 45% of formed elements in blood is centrifuged | RBC, WBC(3 granular, 2 agranular), Thrombocytes |
| what are the 3 granular types of WBC in the 45% of formed elements when blood is centrifuged | Neutrophils(60-70%) EOSINOPHILS(60-70%) Eosinophill(2-4%) BASOPHILLS-(0.5-1%) |
| what is WBC granualar neutrophill % and does what | (60-70%)-take up both basic and acidic dyes and multilobed nucleus- phagocytize bacteria |
| what is WBC granualar Eosinophill % and does what | (2-4%)-acid dyes-bilobed nucleus-kill parastic worms, antibody complexes, inactive inflammatory chemicals of allergy |
| what is WBC granualar Eosinophill % and does what | 0.5-1%)-basic dyes-1 lobed nucleus-release histamine of inflammatory, contain heparin an anticoagulant |
| what are the 2 types of agranualar in WBC the 45% of formed elements when blood is centrifuged | lymphocytes(20-25%) monocytes(3-8%) |
| what is WBC agranualar lymphocytes % and does what | (20-25%)indented nucleus-mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies |
| what is WBC agranualar monocytes % and does what | (3-8%)u or kidney shaped nucleus-phagocytosis delevlop into macrophages in tissues |
| platelets look like and do what in blood | discoid cytoplasmic fragments that seal tears in blood vessels |
| what is hematopoiesis | how blood cells gets made |
| where does hematopiesis occurs where | red bone marrow |
| pluripotent stem cells are where | bone marrow |
| what are lymphoid stem cells get made into what | lyphocytes |
| what are myeloid stem cells made into | WBC, RBC, platelets |
| what are pluripotent stem cells get made into what | lymphoid myeloid |
| what are myeloid stem cells made into what 3 type of cells | Granual WBC-(Neutrophils,EOSINOPHILS Eosinophill,BASOPHILLS) Agranula-MONOCYTE loss nuclus-RBC,PLATELETS |
| what are the characteristics of RBC | biconcave, no nucleus, organells, flexible(able to change shape)97%hemoglobin, ATP anaerobic |
| what % is hemogolbin of RBC | 97% |
| hemoglobin binds to what in RBC | oxygen |
| hemoglobin is composed up of what | protein globin, 2 alpha & 2 beta chains |
| how many oxygen molecules can hemoglobins in RBC transport | 4 |
| what is normal hemoglobin level males | 13-18 g/100 mL in blood |
| what is normal hemoglobin level females | 12-16 g/100 mL in blood |
| what carries CO2 in blood | bicarbonate ion |
| what is pathway of erythropoiesis | hemocytoblast->proerythroblast->PHASE 1-ribosome synthesis->PHASE 2-hemoglobin accumulation->PHASE 3-ejection of nucleus |
| what is normal RBC count | 5 million/cubic millimeter |
| too few of RBC leads to what | hypoxia |
| too many RBC causes what | high blood viscosity |
| erythropoietin is released by what and when | kidney-hypoxia(low RBC count, low oxygen, higher tissue need of oxygen |
| what is EPO | erythropoietin |
| what is proerythroblast | commited cell to make EPO(erythropoietin) |
| kidney failure can cause | low RBC count |
| erythropoiesis needs what to happen | proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, iron, vit B12, folic acid |
| how much iron is stored in Hb hemoglobin in body | 65% liver, spleen, muscle, bone marrow |
| what type of iron carrier is in blood stream | transferrin iron |
| what type of iron carrier is in muscle fiber, liver, spleen | intercellular iron |
| what is the life span of RBC | 100-120 days |
| what do old RBC look like | rigid, fragile |
| what happens to old RBC | phagocytized by macrophages in spleen and liver |
| globin changes into | amino acids-> form proteins |
| what is saved when RBC get recycled | iron in bone marrow to change into new hemoglobin, non-iron-> biliverdin->bilirubin to liver->bile |
| what is hemorrhagic anemia | acute or chronic loss of blood |
| hemolytic anemia is what | prematurely ruptured RBC mainly from transfussions |
| what is aplastic anemia | destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow caused by chemo from cancer |
| what is iron-deficiency anemia | secondary from hemorrhagic anemia and low iron from food |
| pernicious anemia is what | deficiency of vit-B12 or lack of asorbtion from food (animal products) |
| what is thalassemias | `absent or faulty globin chain in hemoglobin RBC are thin |
| what is sickle-cell anemia | defective gene coding RBC carry low oxygen amounts |
| what is polycythemia | lots of RBC which change viscosity and blood becomes sticky and slugish |
| what is the bloods only complete cell | leukocytes 1% of blood volume |
| what is normal WBC count | 4,000-11,000 per cubic millimeter |
| what is leukocytosis | high WBC count by infection |
| what is leukopenia | low WBC by bone marrow surpression |
| which type of leukocytes is called the firest responder and why | neutrophils-contain peroxidases, hydrolytic enzymes that are antibiotic like protiens and are atracted to sites of inflamation |
| what are PMN's | polymorphonuclear leukocytes eutrophils because of the shape and changing lobes |
| neutrophils account for how much of WBC | 60-70% |
| esinophils account for how much of WBC | 1-4% |
| esinophils take up what kind of dye | acidophilic (granules are basic) |
| neutrophils take up what kind of dye | both acidic and basic |
| eosinophils do what in WBC | lead against parasitic worms, lesson allergies, produce enzyme histaminase that break down histamines |
| basophils account for what in WBC | 0.5-1% |
| basophils take up what kind of dye | basic that have acidic grandules |
| basophils does what in WBC | contain histamine that is inflammatory chemical that does vasodilator and herparin that is an anticoagulant |
| lymphocytes account for what in WBC | 20-25% |
| what are the 3 types of lymphocytes and they do what | T Cells- produce antibodies B Cells- give rise to plasma cells that produce antibodies NK Cells-natural killers- attack microbes and cancer cells |
| what do T cells of lymphocytes do | produce atibodies |
| what do B cells of lymphocytes do | give rise to plasma cells that produce antibodies |
| what do NK cells of lymphocytes do | natural killers- attack microbes and cancer cells |
| monocytes account for what in WBC | 3-8% |
| what do monocytes do | differentiate into macrophages |
| what do marcrophages do | inate immune system actived first in immune system by being highly mobile |
| what are the conditons that cause leckemia | immature WBC in bloodstream, bone marrow becomes totally occupied by cancer producing non-functional WBC, |
| what are treatment for leckemia | irradiation, antileckemia drugs, bone marrow transplants |
| platelets are fragments of what kind of cells | megakaryocytes |
| what are the function of platelets | blood clotting, plug damaged blood vessels |
| what is normal platelet count | 150,000-400,000/cubic millimeter |
| what are the 3 steps to stop bleeding | 1)Vascular spasm-immediate vasoconstrition 2)platelet plug(detects collegen) 3)coagulation-fibrin (gel like mesh) |
| what is fibrinolysis | removes blood clots when healing has occuredby breaking down clots with plasmin |
| what stops platelet adhesion | heparin (anticolagulent), vit E |
| what is thombus | stationary clot |
| what is embolus | free floating blood clot |
| what is thrombocytopenia | # of circulating platelets is not enough when platetlets drop bellow 150,000 |
| RBC membranes have what kind of antigens on external surfaces what do they do | glycoprotein promoters of agglutingens |
| what is used to classify blood groups | antigens if present or absence |
| ABO groups consists of what RBC | A and B antigens on surface anti-A and anti-B in plasma |
| type O have what antigens | neither A or B antigen |
| what is the universal blood recipient | AB |
| what is the universal blood donors | ABO |
| what is erthryoblastosis fetalis/ hemolytic disease | when mother has Rh+ and baby Rh- mothers blood antigens attack babies |
| when bad transfusion takes place | diminished oxygen-carry, clumped impede blood flow, ruptured RBC release hemoglobin in blood stream, kidneys go into failer |
Created by:
mbruckman03
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