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MY HEART
ANATOMY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is coronary circulation? | circulation of functional blood supply to heart muscle |
| AV bundles and purkinje fibers fire in a min | 20-35x |
| Blood enters left atrium from where? | pulmonary veins |
| Blood enters right atrium from where? | superrior and inferior vena cavae |
| How many times in a min does the SA node fire | 100x |
| Right ventricle pumps blood into? | pulmonary trunk |
| Ventricles do what? | discharging chambers |
| What is the fossa ovalis? | Depression in atrium that conected to pulmanry trunk in fetal |
| What is the pacemaker of the heart? | SA node |
| What r Trabeculae carneae? | bundles of cardiac muscle fibers part of the hearts conduction system |
| What r the 2 layers of the pericardium | Parietal-internal serous fibrous -visceral-lines surface of heart |
| a flattened T wave indicates what | cardiac ischemia |
| a prolonged P-Q wave on a EKG indicates what | blockage in the hearts conduction system |
| Where does the left ventricle pump blood | aorta |
| a heart beat is normally initiated when | sodium and calcium ions leak into cells of SA node to reverse resting potentials |
| a prolonged P-Q wave on a EKG indicates what | blockage in the hearts conduction system |
| an enlarged R wave in a EKG indicates what | enlarged ventricles |
| blood flows into coronary artereis from | ascending aorta |
| cardiac muscles cells have less what then skeletal muscles | sarcoplasmic reticulm and less calcium ion reserves |
| heart muscles r stimulated by | nerves and is self-excitable |
| how does the hearts conduction work | sinoartrial(SA) node (in right atrial wall)->atria-> atria contract-> AV node (action potential slows)-> AV bundle (bundle of his)-> bundle branches->purkinje fibers->apex and up then ventricles contract |
| how many times does to AV node fire in a min | 40-60x |
| intercalated discs do what? | anchor cardiac cells together allow free passage of ions synchronize contraction and action potenials |
| pericardium does what | -anchors heart -prevernts over fill of blood -gives fricyion free enviroment |
| serous fluid does what for the heart | provides lubrication |
| the dupp in a heart beat is what | SL valves close beginning ventricular diastole |
| vessels conveying blood away from heart? | pulmonary trunk-left and right pulmonary arteries Ascending aorta (BCS) |
| what anchors av valves to papillary muscles | chordae tendineae |
| what do atrioventricular vales do what | make sure there is no back flow of blood |
| what do semilunar valves do? | prevent back flow into ventricles |
| what does cardiac muscles look like | striated, short, fat, branches, interconnected |
| what happens when heart is inhibited by parasympathic | slows down |
| what happens when heart is stimulated by sympathetic | speeds up |
| what happens when the SA node gets damaged | the AV node becomes the pacemaker |
| what is HR | Heart rate |
| what is SV | stroke volume amount of blood pumped out by a ventrical with each heart beat |
| what is a heart plug and treatment? | cardiac tamponade excessive fluid in pericardial space and compresses heart so cant beat right Treat- drain fluid |
| what is angina pectoris and treatment? | choked chest thoracic pain with myocardial ischemia (coronary artery spasms treatment-nitroglycerien |
| what is cardiac reserve | difference between resting and maximal CO (amount of blood pumped by each ventrical in 1 min |
| what is distole in the heart cycle | relaxation of heart muscle |
| what is the CO | heart rate x stroke volume |
| what is the lubb in the heart beat | AV valves close and begins systole |
| what is the pacemaker action potential | makes heart beat by continuouslyy depolarizes until it reaches thershold because K+ reduces and Na+ does not change |
| what is the path of blood thur heart and lungs? | superior and inferior venae cavae-> right atrium->tricuspid valve->right ventricle->pulmonary semilunar valve->pulmonary arties->lungs->capillary beds->pulmonary veins->left atrium->bicuspid valve->left ventricle->aortic semiluner valve->aorta |
| what is the systole in the cardiac cycle | contraction of heart muscle |
| what r the waves in a EKG | P-depolarization of SA node (contraction of atria) QRS-ventricular depolarization (loss of K+) (contraction of ventricular walls) T- ventricular re-polarization (influx of Na+)((relaxing of ventricles |
| what tightens chordae tendineae | papillary muscles |
| what vessels return blood to heart? | Superior and inferior venae cavae right and left pulmonary veins |
| where is the aortic semilunar valve | Left ventricle and aorta |
| where is the pulmonary semilunar valve? | right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
| which ventricle is larger and why? | left pushes blood thur body |
| what is the 1 phases of the cardiac cycle? | 1-ventricular pressure fails below atrial pressure and AV vales open-> ventricular distole->ventricals fill->atrial systole occurs-isovolumetric contraction (all valves close) |
| what is the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle? | 2- ventricular systole atria relax->rising pressure to close AVvalves->ventricular valves ejection opens SL valves |
| what is the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle? | 3-isovolumetic relaxation (early diastole) ventricals relax->backflow of blood in aorta and pulmonary trunck closes SL valves-> all valves close-Dicrotic notch- brif rise in aortic pressure caused by back flow of blood rebounding off SL valves |
| What is the normal HR | 75 beats/min |
| What is the normal SV | 70ml/beat |
| what does acetylocholine do to HR | decreases HR |
| how do u figure CO | HR x SV |
| what happens with SV | amount of blood pumped out by a ventrical with each beat |
| What is cardiac reserve | difference between resting and maximal CO |
| How do you figuar End distoliv Volume (EDV) and End systolic volume (ESV) | SV=EDV-ESV |
| what is end diastolic volume | amount of blood collected in ventrical during during distole |
| what is end systolic volume | amount of blood remaining in ventrical after contraction |
| what is preload | amount ventricals are streched by contained blood |
| what is contractillity | how hard the heart puts uo force |
| wHAT IS AFTER LOAD | PRESURRE that must over come semiluner valaesopen and push out blood |
| what is the Frabk-Starling law state | more the heart can contract, stretch, more it doese this more blood th normal can force |
| what increases SV | exercise |
| what decrease SV | increase in after load |
| what causes contractility in heart to go up | positive inotropic agents norepinephrine (sympathic stimuli) epinephrine, thyroxine (hormones influx of calcium ions |
| what causes contracility in heart to go down | negative inotropic agents calcium channel blockers |
| sympathetic nervous system does what to heart rate | increase by exercise, stress, anxiety, excitement |
| parasympathic nervous system does what to HR | decrease by blocking sympathetic nervous system |
| what dominates the autonomic nervous system | PSN slowing HR |
| what stimulates heart by autonomic nerve fibers | vagus nerve decreases HR with no change in ventricular contractility |
| positive chronotropic agents do what to HR | go up |
| negitive chronotropoc agents do what to HR | go down |
| what do introtropic agents do | Speed upcontration of heart |
| layers of the hheart sournding from inside out | Endocardium, myocardium, visceral, pericardial, paretal, fibrouspericardium |
| Main branch artery by the right atrium | Right cornary artery |
| Off the main branch artery. That heads toward apex | Marginal artrey |
| Off the main branch artey by right atrium heading to the back | Posterior interventricular artery |
| main artery by left ventrical before branching | left coronary artery |
| main artery by left ventrical after braching that raps around the back | circumflex artery |
| main artey by left ventrical after branching that raps around apex | anterior interventricular artery |
| main vein by right atrium | anterior cardiac vein |
| branch off the main vein by right atrium | small cardiac vein |
| main vein by left atrium that raps around apex | middle cariac vein |
| end of main vein by left atrium that raps around back | coronary sinus |
| SA node does what | 75 beats min |
| AV node does what | 40-60 beats min |
| AV bundle does what | 20-35 beats min |
| purkinje fibers does what | 20-35 beats min |
| what is end diastolic volume | the amount of blood that collects in the ventrical during diastole |
| what is end systolic volume | the amount of blood that collects in the ventrical after contraction |
| what is preload | the degree of strecth of cardiac muscle before contracts |
| what are 3 factors that enhance contractility | Ca+, glucogon, thyroine |
| the p wave indicates what in the heart | atrial depolararization which is the spread of impulse from SA node over atria |
| what is atrial depolarization | spread of impulse from SA node over atria |
| QRS wave indicates what in the heart | ventricular depolarization which is the spread of impulse thru ventricals |
| what is ventricular depolarization | spread of impulse thru ventricals |
| what T wave indicates what in the heart | ventricular repolarization |
| Lub sound in heart represents what | closing of atrioventricular valves after ventricular systole begins |
| Dupp sound in the heart represents what | closing of semilunar valves close to the end of ventricular systole |
| what causes heart murmurs | increased blood flow around valves abnormal valves increased volume of flow around valves |
| systole means | contration |
| diastole means | relaxation |
| cardiac cycle goes | systole and diastole of both artia systole and diastole of both ventricles |
Created by:
mbruckman03
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