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Muscles by Compartme
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the distal upper limb? | Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus and flexor pollicis longus. |
| What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the distal upper limb? | Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, anconeus, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and exte |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the distal upper limb? | All are innervated by the median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve) and flexor digitorum profundus (median (lateral) and ulnar (medial) nerves). The deep group are all innervations by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the distal upper limb? | All are innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve, except for the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, brachioradialis and anconeus which are innervated by the radial nerve. |
| What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the proximal upper limb? | Biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis. |
| What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the proximal upper limb? | Triceps brachii (lateral, long and medial heads). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the proximal upper limb? | All are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the proximal upper limb? | All are innervated by the radial nerve. |
| What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? | The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the rotator cuff? | The supraspinatus and infraspinatus are innervated by the suprascapular nerve, the teres minor by the axillary nerve and the subscapularis by the upper and lower subscapular nerves. |
| What are the muscles of the anterolateral walls of the abdomen? | The rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis. |
| What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall? | Psoas minor, psoas major, quadratus lumborum and illiacus. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls? | They are all innervated by the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7-12), except for the pyramidalis, which is solely from the anterior ramus of the T12 spinal segment. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall? | They are all innervated by the anterior rami of the lumbar spinal segments except for the quadratus lumborum which is by T12 also and illiacus which is by the femoral nerve. |
| What are the names of the muscles of the pelvic walls? | Obturator internus and piriformis. |
| What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm? | The levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis) and the coccygeus. |
| What are the muscles of the deep perineal pouch? | External urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal, compressor urethrae (women) and sphincter urethrovaginalis. |
| What are the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch? | Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal. |
| What are the muscles of the anal triangle? | Deep, superficial and subcutaneous parts. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the pelvic walls? | The nerve to obturator internus and branches from L5-S2. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm? | Branches from the ventral ramus of S4 and inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve (levator ani) and the anterior rami of S3/4 (coccygeus). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the deep perineal pouch? | All are innervated by the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-4). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch? | All by the pudendal nerve (S2-4). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anal triangle? | The pudendal nerve and branches directly from S4. |
| What are the muscles of the gluteal region? | Obturator internus, obturator externus, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae. |
| What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the proximal lower limb? | The psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius and the vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis. |
| What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the proximal lower limb? | The pectineus, gracillis, obturator externus and adductor brevis, longus and magnus. |
| What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the proximal lower limb? | The semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (long and short heads). |
| What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the distal lower limb? | Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius. |
| What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the distal lower limb? | Superficial - Gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus. Deep - Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus. |
| What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the distal lower limb? | Fibularis longus and brevis. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the proximal lower limb? | All are innervated by the sciatic nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the medial compartment of the proximal lower limb? | All are innervated by the obturator nerve, except the pectineus (femoral nerve) and the hamstring (medial) part of the adductor magnus (sciatic nerve). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the proximal lower limb? | All are innervated by the femoral nerve except for the psoas major (anterior rami of spinal segments L1-3). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the distal lower limb? | All are innervated by the deep fibular nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the distal lower limb? | All are innervated by the tibial nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the distal lower limb? | All are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve. |
| What are the muscles of the thenar compartment? | Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis. |
| What are the muscles of the hypothenar compartment? | Opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digiti minimi. |
| What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand (except thenar/ hypothenar)? | Palmaris brevis, adductor pollicis, lumbricals and dorsal and palmar inerossei. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the hypothenar compartment? | All are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the thenar compartment? | All are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (except thenar/ hypothenar)? | All are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve except the palmaris brevis (superficial ulnar nerve) and lateral two lumbricals (digital branches of the median nerve). |
| What are the muscles of the dorsal compartment of the foot? | Extensor digitorum brevis. |
| What are the muscles of the first (superficial) plantar compartment of the foot? | Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi. |
| What are the muscles of the second (superficial intermediate) plantar compartment of the foot? | Quadratus plantae and lumbricals. |
| What are the muscles of the third (deep intermediate) plantar compartment of the foot? | Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis and flexor digiti minimi brevis. |
| What are the muscles of the fourth (deep) plantar compartment of the foot? | Dorsal and plantar interossei. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the dorsal compartment of the foot? | All are innervated by the deep fibular nerve. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the first (superficial) plantar compartment of the foot? | All are innervated by the medial plantar nerve (from tibial nerve). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the second (superficial intermediate) plantar compartment of the foot? | All are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve (from tibial nerve) except the first lumbrical (medial plantar nerve). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the third (deep intermediate) plantar compartment of the foot? | All are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve (from tibial nerve), except the flexor hallucis brevis (medial plantar). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the fourth (deep) plantar compartment of the foot? | All are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve (1st/ 2nd dorsal also by deep fibular nerve). |
| What are the muscles of mastication? | The lateral and medial pterygoid, temporalis, and masseter. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of mastication? | All from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3). |
| What are the muscles of the face? | Orbital - orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital) and corrugator supercilli. Nasal - nasalis (transverse and alar), procerus and depressor septi. Oral - depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, zygomaticus major and minor, levator l |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the face? | All are innervated by branches of the facial nerve (VII). They are the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical. |
| What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? | The superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, vertical and transverse. |
| What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? | Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus. |
| What are the innervations of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? | They are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII). |
| What are the innervations of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? | They are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII) except the palatoglossus (Vagus nerve (X)). |
| What are the muscles of the soft palate? | Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus and musculus uvulae. |
| What are the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck? | Superior hyoids - Stylohyoid, digastric (anterior and posterior), mylohyoid and geniohyoid. Inferior hyoids - sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid and sternothyroid. |
| What are the muscles of the posterior triangle of the neck? | Sternocleidomastoid (sternal and clavicular), trapezius, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, posterior, middle and inferior scalenes and omohyoid. |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck? | All the superior hyoids are innervated by the facial nerve (V) except geniohyoid (hypoglossal (XII)). All the inferior hyoids are innervated by the ansa cervicalis except the thyrohyoid (hypoglossal (XII)). |
| What are the innervations of the muscles of the posterior triangle of the neck? | The SCM and trapezius are innervated by the accessory nerve (XI), the scalenes by the anterior rami of the cervical spine, the omohyoid by the ansa cervicalis, the levator scapulae by the dorsal scapular nerve and the splenius capitis by the posterior ram |
| What are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and what are their innervations? | Superior, middle and inferior constrictors are all innervated by the vagus (X) nerve. |
| What are the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles and what are their innervations? | The salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus are innervated by the vagus (X) nerve and the stylopharyngeus is innervated by te glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve. |
| What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | Cricothyroid, posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid, transverse and oblique arytenoid, thyroarytenoid and vocalis. |
| What are the innervations of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | All are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus (X) nerve except the cricothyroid (external branch of superior laryngeal nerve). |
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