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Psc Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is voter turnout in texas compared to other state | Lower than other states |
| Caucus | meeting of party members to select party candidates |
| Gender gap | tendency for men and women to take different issue positions or to evaluate political figures differently |
| Australian Ballot | ballot reform late 1880's 1) standardized ballot, 2) all candidates listed from office and party 3) secret ballot |
| Helping America Vote Act | designed to create a single national standard for election procedures in presidentail and congressional elections |
| 19th amendment | women right to vote |
| closed primary | only members of the parties may participate |
| open primary | any registered voter may participate |
| political socialization | process of acquireing political beliefs |
| public opinion | the aggregation (adding up) of individual attitudes and beliefs on public issues |
| retrospective voting | basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance |
| rational voter | if benefits are greater than cost you will vote |
| slip ticket | paper ballots printed by parties with their candidate's name; useful in elections with a lot of candidates running for office |
| winner take all | whoever has the most votes wins |
| property barrier | ends in hte 1820's with andrew jackson; required that a person owns property to vote |
| front loading | states schedule presidential primaries earlier in the primary season |
| what age group has lowest turnout | 18-20 years |
| random sample | sample chosen in such a way that any member of the population being polled has an equal chance of being selected |
| How many votes are needed to win presidency | majority of electoral college votes (270) |
| grandfather clause | law that said anyone whose grandfather could vote was allowed to vote,so even if a white was poor and couldn't pay poll taxes, and dumb and couldn't pass a literacy test, then they could still vote because they are white |
| prospective voting | basing voting decisions on well informed opinons and consideration consideration of the future consequences of a given vote |
| faithless electors | 1820's 17 elevtors have cast their vote oposite of their state. some states have laws that prohobit this |
| suffrage | means to vote |
| solidarity benefits | interactin and bonding with a group help develope a sense of identity and social skills enjoy being part of the group |
| sore loser law | prohibits a person from voting or running with one party in the primaries then switching to the other party to run later |
| selective benefits | benefits available to memeber of the group |
| indirect lobbying | working through others usually people outside the capitol |
| astroturf lobbying | fake grassroots lobbying. creates illusion of broad public support for a cause |
| what legislation did John mccain and russel reingold sponsor? | reform campaign finance |
| primary election | narrows the field of candidates before an election for office. candidates are chosen through elections among party members |
| revolving door | when some one works in government then becomes a lobbyist |
| exit poll | surveys taken as voters leave the polling place |
| straw poll | nonrandom poll. with own method with own bias. not systematic and not random. making the selection of people |
| focus group | small number of people brought together to generate a discussion that will reveal their perceptions in a friendly casual atmosphere |
| loaded question | a question designed to generate a specific answer |
| selective incentives | interest groups utilize to overcome the free rider problem |
| pluralism | the belief that numerous groups freely competing with one another for influence over policy will produce fair results. good policy results from struggle among groups |
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