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digestive system
A&P 182
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Macronutrients are ___________? | Carbohydrates Proteins Fats |
| Micronutrients are ____________? | Vitamins, Minerals |
| Essential nutrients are ___________? | Nutrients human cells cannot synthesize such as certain amino acids |
| Excesses of Carbs leads to _______? | Obesity ,Dental caries, Nutritional deficits |
| Deficiencies of Carbs leads to_______? | Metabolic acidosis, Weight loss |
| Digestion breaks complex carbohydrates into _______ that are small enough to be absorbed | monosaccharides |
| Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate abundant in our food. It is not digested, but provides ________? | bulk (fiber or roughage) |
| Monosaccharides that are absorbed include _______? | fructose, galactose, and glucose |
| The minimal requirements for carbohydrates in the human diet is ______? Intake of at least _____? grams is necessary An average diet includes _____? grams | unknown, 125 – 175, 200-300 |
| The most common dietary lipids are fats called ____? | triglycerides |
| Excesses fats leads to_______? | Obesity Increased serum cholesterol Increased risk of heart diseases |
| Deficiencies of fat lead to ______? | |
| Lipids in foods are _______? (3) | phospholipids, cholesterol and most commonly, fats (triglycerides) |
| The American Heart Association advises that the diet not exceed ___% of total daily calories from fat | 30 |
| The waste product of protein metabolism is ______? | urea |
| Excesses lead to _____? Deficiencies lead to: _____? | obesity; Extreme weight loss Muscle wasting Anemia Growth retardation |
| Proteins contain a high percentage of _____? | nitrogen |
| Typically protein intake is ____% of a person’s diet Most people should consume _____ grams a day | 10; 60-150 |
| Vitamins are classified on the basis of solubility as either fat- soluble_______? or water-soluble _____? | (vitamins A, D, E, and K), (the B vitamins and vitamin C) |
| Submucosal plexus – controls _____? | secretions |
| Myenteric plexus – controls_____? | gastrointestinal motility |
| Pepsinogen is? | From the chief cells. Inactive form of pepsin so it doesn’t split our stomach protiens |
| Pepsin is? | From pepsinogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid Is a protein splitting enzyme |
| Hydrochloric acid | From the parietal cells. Needed to convert pepsinogen to pepsin |
| Mucus in stomach is? | From the goblet cells and the mucous glands. Protective to stomach wall |
| Intrinsic factor? | From the parietal cells. Is required for vitamin B12 absorption- RBC production |
| _____? stimulates gastric glands to release more gastric juice | gastrin |
| The stomach does absorb: | Some water Certain salts Certain lipid-soluble drugs Alcohol |
| Pancreatic_____? – splits glycogen into disaccharides | amylase |
| Pancreatic ______? – breaks down triglycerides | lipase |
| ______? (3) – digest proteins in small intestine from the pancreus | Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase |
| _____? – digest nucleic acids | Nucleases |
| ______? – make pancreatic juice alkaline | Bicarbonate ions |
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