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Cranial Nerves SG
Cranial Nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the diploe bone | It develops from a membranous ossification and has an outer lamina and inner lamina |
| Describe the periosteum of the skull | Called pericranium. It goes into the orbit. It lines the inside of the orbit and referred to as the periorbita |
| What are the two layers of dura matter? | Outer: Periosteal dura, Inner: Dura vera |
| What layers make up the scalp? | Skin, dense CT and then Galga aponeurosis. The aponeurosis is attached to the front by the frontalis muscle and in the back by the occipitalis muscle. |
| What separates the brain into two cerebral hemispheres? | The deeper portion of the dura matter. Falx Cererbi between the two hemispheres made of dura matter. |
| What makes a tent over the cerebellum called the tentorium cerebella? | The falx cerebri. It sweeps around laterally on top of the cerebellum |
| What is in the dural sinus/Superior sagittal sinus? | Filled with venous blood and lined with endothelium |
| In what spaces can there be hemorrhages? | In the subdural space or the subarachnoid space. Above the dura=epidural hemorrhage. |
| What fluid is in the subarachnoid space? | Cerebral spinal fluid |
| Where does the middle menigeal artery branch from and go? | From the maxillary artery, goes through the foramen spinosum. Very metobolically active structure (etchings inside of skull) |
| Where does the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and occiptal lobe sit? | Anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa |
| Where do the veins that drain the surface of the brain drain? | Into the superior sagittal sinus |
| How does the CSF get out? | It is constantly produced and gets out through the superior sagittal sinus |
| Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain? | Into the jugular vein |
| What two sinuses make an S shape? | Cavernous sinus and Sigmoidal sinus |
| What two sinuses sit on top of the temporal bone? | Transverse sinus and Petrosal sinus |
| Name things in the cavernous sinus? | Turkish saddle, lots of smaller veins |
| True or False: Facial veins and veins inside of the orbit have valves | False: There can be back-flow of blood |
| How are branchial arches similar to somites? | They give rise to some skeletal muscle |
| Cranial Nerve 1 | Olfactory: sense of smell |
| Cranial Nerve 2 | Optic: vision from retina |
| Cranial Nerve 3 | Oculomotor: Somatic=Moves eye, Levator palpbri superioris muscle, visceral=size of pupil (Parasympathetic) |
| Cranial Nerve 4 | Trochlear: superior oblique muscle |
| Cranial Nerve 5 | Trigeminal: Ophtalmic=cornea, nose, forehead, back of eye. Maxillary= palate, mucosa of nose, teeth of uj. Mandibular=upperlip, 2/3 sense of tongue |
| Cranial Nerve 6 | Abducent: Lateral rectus muscle |
| Cranial Nerve 7 | Facial: stapedius muscle, visceral=tear, salivary and palate glands, taste 2/3 tongue, keeps bugs out ear |
| Cranial Nerve 8 | Vestibulocochlear: Hearing and balance |
| Cranial Nerve 9 | Glossopharyngeal: stylopharyngeus m, autonomic to partoid, taste posterior tongue, space inside ear, pharynx for throw up reflex |
| Cranial Nerve 10 | Vagus: palate except tensor veli palantini, visceral=parasym to trachea, bronchi, GI and cardiac smooth m. taste to uvula. auricle or ear, external acoustic meatus and dura matter of posterior cranial fossa |
| Cranial Nerve 11 | Accessory: Cranial=soft palate, pharynx, Spinal=sternocleidmastoid and trapezius |
| Cranial Nerve 12 | Hypoglossal: Tongue |
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