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Anatomy Exam 2 Terms
Genetics, Embryology, Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blastomeres | The first two daughter cells during cleavage |
| Morula | A spherical stage consisting of 16 or more blastomeres |
| Blastocyst | a fluid-filled, spherical stage with an outer mass of trophoblast cells and inner mass of embryoblast cells; becomes implanted in the endometrium; inner cell mass forms an embryonic disc and differentiates into the three primary germ layers |
| Blastomere | cell produced by cleavage |
| trophoblast | the outer layer of squamous cells on a blastocyst |
| embryoblast | the inner cell mass of a blastocyst |
| mesoderm (definition) | The layer of cells between the hypoblast (which is being replaced by the endoderm) and the epiblast (soon to become ectoderm) |
| mesoderm (What it makes) | skeleton, muscles, glands, dermis, blood |
| ectoderm (what it makes) | epidermis, nervous system, eyes, nasal, oral, anal cavities |
| Endoderm | digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive and reproductive glands, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus |
| yolk sac | where blood cells form |
| The ____ is the first cell of the new individual after fertilization | zygote |
| The major body parts derived from the endoderm are the epithelial lining of the | digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, urethra |
| Embryonic stem cells are derived from the | inner cell mass of the blastocyst |
| At the blastocyst stage, the cells are considered | pluripotent |
| Totipotent | the ability of a cell in the embryo to develop into any type of tissue |
| (T or F) It is not possible to determine what adult strucures were derived from which embryonic layer | False |
| The cells of a blastocyst that give rise to the body of the developing offspring constitute the | inner cell mass |
| The epithelial lining for all major body parts is derived from the | endoderm |
| The process that involves formation of a three germ layer embryo | gastrulation |
| Which of the following adult structures is not derived from the same primary germ layer as the others? Nerves, bones, muscles, bone marrow | nerves (others are made by mesoderm) |
| The primitive streak is formed when epiblast cells migrate to form the mesoderm | True |
| Purines (DNA) | Adenine (A), Guanine (G) |
| Purines (RNA) | Adenine (A), Guanine (G) |
| Pyrimidines (DNA) | Thymine(T), Cytosine(C) |
| Pyrimidines (RNA) | Uracil(U), Cytosine(C) |
| Transcription | DNA->RNA |
| Translation | converting language of nucleotides to amino acids |
| Synthesis of a protein stops when | any of three "stop" codons are encountered in the mRNA |
| What is the sequence of DNA replication? | Transcription, Translation, Protein synthesis |
| (T or F) Transcription yields protein and translation produces RNA | False |
| Gene | The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a protein |
| The sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule is needed to determine the sequence of | amino acids in a protein |
| DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules | has one stand of nucleotides from the parents DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides |
| DNA synthesis occurs during what phase? | the S phase of interphase |
| _____ are factors that cause mutation | Mutagens |
| Extracellular matrix consists of | ground substance and protein fibers |
| involuntary muscles are | smooth and cardiac |
| _____ produce connective tissue fibers | fibroblasts |
| The extracellular matrix is (the same, different) in all tissues | different |
| Intercellular junctions include | gap junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes |
| Bones form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called | central canals |
| The type of intercelluar junction that functions as a rivet or "spot weld" is a | desmosome |
| Epithelial membranes are typically composed of | epithelium and underlying connective tissue |
Created by:
libbygrace7
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