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APGov chapter 8 voc.
Ap gov. chapter 8 key terms:Political beliefs/Political behaviors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| attentive public | those who follow politics and public affairs carefully. |
| australian ballot | secret ballot printed at the expense of the state |
| balancing the ticket | occurs when a presidential nominee chooses a vice presidential running mate who has different qualities in order to attract more voter for the ticket. |
| blanket primary | election to choose candidates that is open to independents,and allows voters to choose candidates from all parties. |
| caucus | local party meeting |
| closed primary | party election to choose candidates that is closed to independents.Voters may not cross party lines. |
| coattail effect | the influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party. |
| demographics | characteristics population eg., race sex,income |
| direct election | election of an official directly by the people rather than by an intermediary group such as the Electoral College. |
| direct primary | election in which the people choose candidates for office. |
| fixed terms | term of office that have an definite length of time. e.g., two years for members of the house |
| front loading | scheduling presidential primary elections early(e.g., February or March) in an election year. |
| gender gap | difference in voting patterns for men and women,particularly in the gender tendency of the latter to vote for Democratic presidential candidates. |
| general election | election in which the officeholders are chose. Contrast with the primary election, in which only the candidates are chosen. |
| hard money | campaign contributors donated directly to candidates. |
| ideology | set of beliefs about political values and the role of the government. |
| incubent | an officeholder who is seeking reelection |
| independent | one who in not registered with a political party -independent leaners tend to vote for candidates of one particular part -pure independents-have no consistent pattern of party voting |
| issue advocacy ads | ads that focus on the issues and do not explicitly encourage citizens to vote for a certain candidate |
| open primary | election to choose candidates that is open to independents, and in which voter may choose candidates from any one party. |
| party identification | a sense of affiliation that a person has with a particular political party |
| party platform | a list of positions and programs that the part adopts at the national convention.Each position is called a plank |
| political culture | the widely shared beliefs,values,and norms that citizens share about their government. |
| plurality | more votes than anyone else,but less than half e.g., Clinton won a plurality(43%) of pop. votes in 1992, but not a majority.Plurality elections such as those for Congress are won by the person with the most votes,regardless if he/she has a majority vote |
| political efficacy | capacity to understand and influence political events |
| political socialization | process in which one acquires his/hers political beliefs. |
| Realigning("critical")election | an election in which there is no long term change in party alignment,e.g., 1932. |
| safe seat | an office that is extremely likely to be won by a particular candidate or political party. |
| single member district system | system in which people elect one representative per district.With a winner-take-all rule,this system strengthens the major parties and weakens minor parties . |
| soft money | campaign contributions that are not donated directly to candidates,but instead donated to parties |
| Solid South | historically ,the South voted solidly Democratic. However, the South is now strongly Republican: Bush carried every Southern state in 2000 |
| split ticket voting | casting votes for candidates of one's own part and for candidates of opposing parties, e.g., voting for Republican presidential candidate and a Democratic congressional candidate. |
| straight ticket voting | casting votes only for candidates of one's party. |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| superdelegate | a delegate to the Democratic nation convention who is there by virtue of holding an office. |
| Super Tuesday | a Tuesday in early March in which many presidential primaries,particularly in the South are held |
| swing state | a state that does not consistently vote either Democratic or Republican in presidential elections. |
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