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Anatomy - Ch. 6-7
Anatomy - Chapter 1 - Bone Tissue/Axial
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osteology | study of bones |
| The skeletal system is composed of what? | Bones, cartilages, and ligaments |
| Skeletal System functions are? | Support, Movement, Protection, Blood formation, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and detoxification |
| Ossesous Tissue (bone) | A connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals. |
| Compact (dense) bone | outer shell of dense white osseous tissue |
| Spony (cancellous) bone | internal, more loosely organized |
| Disphysis | shaft |
| medullary cavity | space |
| epiphysis | expanded head at each end |
| epiphyseal plate (line) | shows where the growth began |
| nutrient foramina | how blood vessels end into the bone |
| osteons | cylindrical unites inside compact bone |
| Concetric lamellae | Around a central canal where matrix is arranged. |
| Lacunae | Occupied by osteocytes, which are connected to each other by canaliculi. |
| In childhood, bones increase in length by means of the _____ _____ of cartilage in the epiphyseal plates. | Interstitial growth |
| In adulthood, long bones no longer grow in length, but can increase in thickness by ___ ____, the addition of osseous tissue to the surface. | Appositional growth |
| Osteoporosis | Is a disease in which the bones lose mass and become increasingly brittle and subject to fractures |
| Osteoporosis translates into... | porous bones :OOOOOOOO |
| The two regions of the skeleton are | Axial and Appendicular skeleton |
| Bone totals: | 270 bones at birth, 206 by adulthood |
| Sesamoid bones | Bones that form within some tendons in response to stress |
| How many vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? | 33 |
| How many discs are there in the vertebral column? | 23 |
| The Saacrum is part of what skeletal region? | Axial Skeleton |
| Petrous translates into what? | Stone |
| The vertebrae are divided into what 5 groups? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx |
| How many Cervical vertebrae? | 7 |
| How many Thoracic vertebrae? | 12 |
| How many Lumbar vertebrae? | 5 |
| How many Sacral Vertebrae? | 5, they are fused into a single adult bone called the Sacrum. |
| How many Coccygeal vertebrae? | 4, fused into the coccyx "tailbone" |
| The vertebral column has 4 bends named what? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Pelvic Curvatures. |
| How do you know when you are looking at cervical vertebra? | Small, only vertebrae to have transverse foramen in each transverse process, and a forked spinous process. |
| C1 is the what? | Atlas |
| C2 is the what? | Axis |
| The Axis has a unique superior processes called what? | Dens |
| What vertebrae are specialized for rib attachment and have facets? | Thoracic vertebrae |
| Thoracic vertebrae look like what animal? | GIRAFFES |
| Lumbar vertebrae look like what animal? | MOOSE |
| How would you know when you are looking at lumbar vertebrae? | Heavy bodies, squarish spinous process. |
| A bony enclosure for the lungs and heart, and is composed of the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum? | The thoracic cage |
| The sternum consists of what? | Suprasternal notch, manubrium, body, xiphoid process, and costal cartilages. |
| There are how many ribs? | 12 |
| Ribs 1-7 are called what? | True ribs, which connect to the sternum by their own costal cartilage. |
| Rubs 8-12 are called what? | False ribs, they do not have independent attachments to the sternum. |
| Ribs 11-12 are called what and why? | Floating ribs, because they have no costal cartilages, and do not attach to the sternum at all. |
| The skull consists of how many bones? | 22 |
| Skull bones are sometimes joined by what? | Sutures |
| There are 6 cavities within the skull, what are they? | Cranial, orbits, nasal, buccal (mouth), middle-,and inner-ear cavities. |
| The cranial cavity is enclosed by the cranium (braincase), how many bones compose the cranium? | 8 bones. 1 Frontal, 1 occipital, 2 parietal, 1 spehenoid, 2 temporal, and 1 ethmoid. |
| Calvaria is where? | roof of the cranial cavity |
| Base is where? | floor of the cranial cavity |
| The parietal bones are bordered by four sutures, what are they? | Sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, and squamous. |
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