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MT Chapter 17
Sense Organs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aque/o | water |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
| cor/o | pupil |
| corne/o | cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body or muscle of the eye |
| dacry/o | tears, tear duct |
| ir/o, irid/o | iris |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| lacrim/o | tears |
| ocul/o, ophthalm/o | eye |
| opt/o, optic/o | eye, vision |
| palpebr/o | eyelid |
| papill/o | optic disc, nipple-like |
| phac/o, phak/o | lens of the eye |
| pupill/o | pupil |
| retin/o | retina |
| scler/o | sclera (white of the eye), hard |
| uve/o | uvea, vascular layer of the eye |
| vitre/o | glassy |
| ambly/o | dull, dim |
| dipl/o | double |
| glauc/o | gray |
| mi/o | smaller, less |
| mydr/o | widen, enlarge |
| nyct/o | night |
| phot/o | light |
| presby/o | old age |
| scot/o | darkness |
| xer/o | dry |
| -opia, -opsia | vision |
| -tropia | to burn |
| acous/o | hearing |
| audi/o | the sense of hearing |
| audit/o | hearing |
| aur/o, auricul/o | ear |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| mastoid/o | mastoid process |
| myring/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane |
| ossicul/o | ossicle |
| ot/o | ear |
| salping/o | eustachian tube, auditory tube |
| staped/o | stapes (3rd bone in middle ear) |
| tympan/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| -acusis, -cusis | hearing |
| -meter | instrument to measure |
| -otia | ear condition |
| AD | right ear |
| AOM | acute otitis media |
| AS | left ear |
| EENT | Eyes, Ear, Nose, Throat |
| ENG | electronystagmagraphy (test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear) |
| ENT | Ears, Nose, Throat |
| ETD | eustachian tube dysfunction |
| HEENT | Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat |
| PE Tube | Pressure-equalizing tube |
| SOM | serous otitis media |
| AMD | age-related mucular degeneration |
| IOL | intraocular lens |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| LASIK | laser in situ keratomileusis |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| OU | both eyes |
| PERRLA | Pupils equal round reactive to light accommodation |
| POAG | Primary open-angle glaucoma |
| PRK | photorefractive keratectomy |
| VA | visual acuity |
| VF | visual field |
| accommodation | Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. |
| anterior chamber | area behind the cornea and in front of the iris. Contains aqueous humor. |
| aqueous humor | Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber |
| biconvex | consisting of two surfaces that are round, elevated and curved evenly like part of a sphere. |
| choroid | Middle vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera. |
| ciliary body | structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris. Controls the shape of the lens. |
| cone | photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. responsible for color and central vision. |
| conjunctive | Delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelid and covering the anterior eyeball |
| cornea | Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball. |
| fovea centralis | tiny pit of depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision |
| fundus of the eye | Posterior, inner part of the eye |
| iris | Pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye. The central opening of the iris is the pupil |
| lens | transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. Bends to refract light rays. |
| macula | yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc |
| optic chiasm | point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain. |
| optic disc | region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. Blind spot. |
| optic nerve | cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain |
| pupil | central opening of the eye. |
| refraction | bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring rays into focus on the retina |
| retina | light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptors cells (rods and cones) |
| rod | Photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision |
| sclera | tough, white outer coat of the eyeball |
| thalamus | relay center of the brain. |
| vitreous humor | soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the virtreous chamber, helps maintain the shape of the eyeball. |
| auditory canal | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum |
| auditory meatus | auditory canal |
| auditory nerve fibers | carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain |
| auditory tube | channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx |
| auricle | Flap of the ear |
| cerumen | waxy substance secreted by the external ear, earwax |
| cochlea | snail-shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear |
| endolymph | fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| eustachian tube | auditory tube |
| incus | second bone of the middle ear, anvil |
| labyrinth | maze-like series of canals of the inner ear, includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals |
| malleus | first bone of the middle ear, hammer |
| organ of Corti | sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear |
| ossicle | small bone of the ear |
| oval window | membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear |
| perilymph | fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| pinna | auricle; flap of the ear |
| semicircular canals | passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium |
| stapes | third bone of the middle ear. Stirrup |
| tympanic membrane | membrane between the outer and the middle ear, eardrum |
| vestibule | central cavity of the labyrinth. help to maintain equilibrium |
| audiometry | testing the sense of hearing |
| cochlear implant | surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing |
| ear themometry | measurement of temperature |
| otoscopy | visual examination of the ear canal |
| tuning for test | test of ear conducting using vibration source |
| acoustic neuroma | benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve |
| cholesteatoma | collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear |
| deafness | loss of the ability to hear |
| Meniere disease | disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| otitis meadia | inflammation of the middle ear |
| otosclerosis | harding of the bony tissue of the middle ear |
| tinnitus | sensation of moises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ear |
| vertigo | sensation of whirling motion |
| enucleation | removal of the entire eyeball |
| keratoplasty | surgical repair of the cornea |
| laser photocoagulation | intense, precisely focused light beam creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood |
| LASIK | use of an excimer laser to correct error of refration |
| phacoemulsification | ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens |
| scleral buckle | suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina |
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