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Endocrine ccc pn105
Endocrine System exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| function on system | communication, control, hormone secretion |
| all organs are glands.... | but not all glands are organs |
| glands secrete hormones into the | blood |
| hormones regulate | metabolism, reproduction, growth, and development |
| hormones helps maintain homeostatis by | acid/base balance, fluid/electrolyte balance, energy balance |
| non-steroid hormones | bind to target cell membrane |
| steroid hormones | bind to target cell nucleus |
| target cells | cells acted on by hormones |
| prostoglandins | tissue hormones |
| tissue hormones | powerful substances produced and diffused short distances |
| prostoglandins influce body functions | inflammation, respiration, blood pressure, GI secretions, reproductiion |
| pituitary gland | anterior and posterior |
| anterior pituitary gland | adenohypophysis |
| posterior pituitary gland | neurohypophysis |
| anterior pituitary controls | TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin |
| posterior pituitary controls | ADH, oxytocin |
| pituitary glands are located | sellatrucica (Turkish Saddle) in cranial depressions of sphenoidal bone |
| hypothalamus | ADH and oxytocin production occurs here |
| thyroid gland | produces thyroid hormones |
| thyroid gland located | in neck |
| thyroid hormones | t4, t3, calcitonin |
| t4 | thyroxine,most abundant |
| t3 | principal hormone in thyroid |
| t4 and t3 are responsible for | body metabolic rate |
| calcitonin | decreases blood calcium by inhibiting breakdown of bone |
| for t4 to be produced, diet must contain | iodine |
| parathyroid gland | secretes PTH |
| parathyroid hormone | increases blood calcium by increasing bone breakdown |
| patathyroid hormone located | 4 glands, on back |
| adrenal glands | adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla |
| adrenal glands located | over kidneys, 2 separate glands |
| inner adrenal gland | adrenal medulla |
| outer adrenal gland | adrenal cortex |
| pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans) | small, microscopic clusters of cells that secrete glucagon and insulin |
| glucagon | increases blood glucose level |
| insulin | decreases blood glucose level |
| female sex glands | ovaries |
| parts of ovary | ovarian follicle, corpus luteum |
| feminizing hormones cause | breasts, external genitals, body contours, menstrual cycle |
| male sex glands | testes interstitial cells |
| masculizing hormones cause | external genitals, facial hair, voice changes, body contour/muscles |
| thymus | produces thymosin, function of immune system |
| placenta | gonadotrpoins, estrogens, and progesterone hormones |
| pineal gland | small gland, neard 3rd ventricle of brain |
| this gland predominates children and young adults, grous fibrous and calcified with age | pineal gland |
| third eye (pineal gland) | influences secretory activity related to light entering eyes |
| pineal gland hormones | secrete melatonin to regulate internal clock and ovarian activity |
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