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trunk muscles
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| rectus abdominis | pubic crest and symphysis | cartilage of 5 to 7 ribs and xyphoid process | flex vertebral column and compress abdomen |
| external oblique | inferior 8 ribs | iliac crest and linea alba | flex vertebral column and compress abdomen laterally flex and rotate vertebral column |
| internal oblique | iliac crest and inguinal ligament | cartilage of last 4 ribs and linea alba | flex vertebral column and compress abdomen laterally flex and rotate vertebral column |
| transversus abdominis | iliac crest and inguinal ligament | xyphoid process, linea alba and pubis | compress abdomen |
| inguinal ligament | anterior superior iliac spine | pubic tubercle | (blank) |
| external intercostals | inferior border of rib above | superior border of rib below | contraction increases rib cage dimentions |
| internal intercostals | superior border of rib below | inferior border of rib above | contraction decreases rib cage dimentions |
| diaphragm | xyphoid process of sternum and adjacent ribs | central tendon | contraction increases rib cage dimentions |
| serratus anterior | ribs | scapula | stabilize, abduct and rotate scapula |
| latissimus dorsi | ribs | intertubercular sulcus of humerus | extend, adduct and medially rotate arm at shoulder |