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Government
Exam #1
| Power is vested in hereditary kings who rule in the interest of all | Monarchy |
| Power resides in a leader who rules based on self interest and without regard to individual rights and personal liberties | Tyranny/totalitarianism |
| Power exercised by those who possess wealth, social status, military position, or achievement in their own group interest | Oligarchy |
| Power exercised by those who possess wealth, social status, military position, or achievement in the interest of all | Aristocracy |
| Where citizens vote on laws and select officials directly (straight majority rule with no protection of minority rights)(examples include referendum, initiative, recall, and town hall meetings) | Direct Democracy |
| Where people elect those who govern and pass laws; also known as a Republic (majority rule but with protection for minority rights) | Representative Democracy |
| A government rooted in the consent of the governed (aka Polity) | Republic |
| The idea that monarchies could rule absolutely as a manifestation of God's will without regard to the will or well being of their subjects | Divine Right of Kings |
| Agreement between people and their government whereby people consent to be governed; agree to give up some liberties in order to have other protected | Social contract |
| The idea stems from Hobbes and Locke and their concepts of natural rights, social contract, and popularity sovereignty | Social contract |
| Influenced by English Civil War and motivated by fear | Thomas Hobbes |
| State of nature is a state of war of all against all and by people are born free by nature | Thomas Hobbes |
| Without rules people would live like "animals" and need strong central government to keep order | Thomas Hobbes |
| Who wrote Leviathan in 1651? | Thomas Hobbes |
| Who wrote 2nd Treatise on Government in 1689? | John Locke |
| People are born equal and with natural rights | John Locke |
| No king can void the rights of individuals | John Locke |
| Highlights protection of private property | John Locke |
| People are basically social minded | John Locke |
| Advocated for legislative government | John Locke |
| Significantly influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence | John Locke |
| A belief that ultimate power to make laws resides in the people | Popular sovereignty |
| A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and can be understood by reason | Natural law |
| Commonly shared attitudes, beliefs and values about government, the political process, and about how citizens relate to government | Political Culture |
| Freedom from government interference in our lives | Liberty |
| Freedom to pursue happiness and engage in economic opportunities without government interference or discrimination | Liberty |
| An economic system that has respect for private property, competitive (free) markets, and limited government involvement in the production of goods and services | Capitalism |
| The idea that a "just" government must derive its powers from the consent of the people | Popular consent |
| The candidate who wins more than half of the votes wins the election | Majority |
| Candidate with the most votes cast in an election wins; not necessarily a majority | Plurality |
| A coherent set of beliefs and political values about the purpose & scope of government held by individuals and groups. | Political Ideology |
| Ideas that shape the thinking of individuals and how they view the world | Political ideology |
| A belief that government can and should achieve social justice and equality of opportunity and that political change protects the well-being of individuals. | Liberalism |
| Favors government involvement in the economy and taking an activist role in protecting the rights of women, minorities, elderly and the environment. | Liberalism |
| Recognizes the importance of preserving tradition and maintaining the status quo. | Conservatism |
| A belief that limited government ensures order, free markets, and individual initiative and that big government should not infringe on personal and economic rights. | Conservatism |
| One who believes that traditional moral teachings should be supported and furthered by government | Social conservative |
| An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange that stresses economic equality | Socialism/statist |
| An ideology that insists on minimal government in both economic and social issues | Libertarianism |
| One who favors a free market economy and no governmental intervention in personal liberties or..."The government that governs least governs best" | Libertarianism |
| What are 3 main attitudes towards government especially among young voters in the political context now? | It's complicated, it doesn't effect me, it doesn't matter |
| Federalist Papers #10 (discusses why they established a ________ or a representative democracy and how to control factions), Madison | Republic |
| A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government | Constitution |
| Who had a unicameral legislature? | Articles of Confederation |
| A two-house legislature | Bicameral legislature |
| A single legislative body | Unicameral legislature |
| A government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy | Republic |
| A pamphlet forcefully arguing for independence from Great Britain | Common Sense |
| Written by Thomas Paine & published in early 1776 | Common Sense |
| Organizations in each colony designed to keep colonists informed of developments with the British | Committees of Correspondence |
| Helped to mold public opinion against the British | Committees of Correspondence |
| Delegates from each state except for Georgia meet in Philadelphia in 1774 and adopt resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts | First Continental Congress |
| Meeting in Philadelphia in 1775 where they agreed to raise an army and make George Washington the commander in chief | Second Continental Congress |
| Adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 | Declaration of Independence |
| Written mostly by Thomas Jefferson | Declaration of Independence |
| Proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain | Declaration of Independence |
| Rights of Man, rights of rebellion, right to self-government | Declaration of Independence |
| Based on ideas from John Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government | Declaration of Independence |
| What type of nation government was proposed by the Articles of Confederation? | Confederation |
| Type of government where the national government derives of its powers from the states; states are sovereign and national government is not | Confederation |
| Protest by farm owners against mortgage foreclosures in Massachusetts | Shay's Rebellion (late 1786) |
| Highlights the need to reform the Articles of Confederation | Shay's Rebellion (late 1786) |
| The first general plan for the Constitution offered in Philadelphia | Virginia Plan |
| Key points were a bicameral legislature, and an executive and judiciary chosen by the national legislature | Virginia Plan |
| A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states | New Jersey Plan |
| Key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court with members appointed for life | New Jersey Plan |
| The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature with the lower house elected by the people and with powers divided between the two houses | Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise |
| Made national law supreme | Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise |
| Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that each slave was to be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S. House of Representatives | Three-Fifths Compromise |
| 60% of the slave population used for taxes and representation | Three-Fifths Compromise |
| Compromise between large and small states over representation | First main compromise at the Constitutional Convention |
| Conflict over the counting of slave population for purposes of taxation and representation | Second main compromise at the Constitutional Convention |
| Issue of sovereignty = which level of government would be sovereign? | Third main compromise at the Constitutional Convention |
| Two levels of law making authority (sovereignty) | Federalism |
| Supremacy Clause (National government is supreme law of the land) | Article VI |
| Executive Branch - Article II | Fourth main compromise at the Constitutional Convention |
| The body that actually selects the president | Electoral College |
| Issue of Individual Rights | Fifth main compromise at the Constitutional Convention |
| 1st 10 Amendements to Constitution - to be added after the Constitution was ratified in 1791 | Bill of Rights |
| Leave all decisions on elections to the states | Voting Laws |
| How to ratify the Constitution? | Sixth main compromise at the Constitutional Convention |
| Only will take 9 state special conventions to ratify the Constitution | Article VII |
| A political theorist who most influenced the idea of separation of powers | Baron de Montesquieu |
| A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensure by the Constitution | Separation of Powers |
| A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others | Checks and Balances |
| To formally accuse a public official with a political crime; first step towards removing someone from office (to bring charges against a public official) | Impeachment |
| Tries all impeachment cases (holds a trial on the charges) | Senate |
| _____ vote of Senate to remove from office | 2/3 vote |
| If the president is impeached, the _______ presides over the trial | The Chief Justice of Supreme Court |
| If Vice President or anyone else is impeached then the Senate picks ______ to preside over the trial | One of the Senators |
| What are the impeachable offenses? | Treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors |
| What are the qualifications for House of Representatives? | 2 year term, 25 years old, 7 years a citizen, Resident of State |
| What are the qualifications for Senate? | 6 year term, 30 years old, 9 years a citizen, resident of state |
| What are the qualifications for President? | 4 year term, Natural born U.S. citizen, 35 years old, 14 years a resident |
| How is "war power" divided between the Congress and the president? | Congress has the power to declare war and the President is the Commander-in-Cheif of the armed forces |
| The authority of the court to determine whether an action taken by any government body conflicts with or violates the Constitution | Judicial Review |
| John Marshall was the federalist Chief Justice | Marbury vs. Madison (1803) |
| Case that claimed judicial review exists as a power of the court | Marbury vs. Madison (1803) |
| Struck down part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 | Marbury vs. Madison (1803) |
| Wanted a stronger national government; supported the Constitution | Federalists |
| Wanted to keep states strong and have weaker national government; opposed ratification of the Constitution | Anti-Federalists |
| Series of 85 essays written in support of the Constitution in New York newspapers in 1787-88 | Federalist Papers |
| Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay | Federalist papers |
| Federalist Paper #51 | Why we will have federalism and separation of powers, Madison |
| Federalist Paper #78 | Why Judicial review are most famous, Hamilton |
| Federalist Paper #10 | Discusses why they established a republic or a representative democracy and how to control factions, Madison |
| Amendments have to be proposed and then ratified. 2 ways to amend the national Constitution | Article V |
| To be proposed ____ vote by both House and Senate needed and to be ratified ____ votes of State legislatures | 2/3; 3/4 |
| _____ of states can call to constitution convention to ratify. It may happen but it hasn't happened yet. | 2/3 |
| System of government where the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people | Federal system |
| System of government where the local and regional governments derive all authority from strong national government | Unitary system |
| Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and the state government, such as the power to levy taxes | Concurrent powers |
| Chief among the exclusive powers of the national government are the authorities to coin money, conduct foreign relations, provide for an army and navy, and declare war. | Enumerated powers |
| Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its extended functions | Implied powers/Elastic clause (necessary and proper) |
| National government is supreme law of the land | Supremacy Clause/Article VI |
| Contains the reserved powers of the states; protection of states' rights | 10th Amendment |
| "Necessary and proper" clause allowed for implied powers, Creating national bank helped carry out express powers and therefore was constitutional | McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) |
| State cannot tax national. "The power to tax is the power to destroy" | McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) |
| Concerning the commerce clause; expanded Congresses ability to regulate activities between states (interstate commerce) | Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) |
| The Supreme Court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states. | Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) |
| The name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression | New Deal |
| Part of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the laws of other states and to accept their records as valid | Full faith and credit clause |
| Exceptions include professional licenses (lawyer, doctors, teachers). Exception of the rule is the Defense of Marriage Act. | Full faith and credit clause |
| Process by which an alleged criminal is surrendered by one state back to another state where they face charges | Extradition |
| 1913 - called for the popular election of Senators | 17th Amendment |
| Amendment to the U.S. constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax | 16th Amendment |
Created by:
bucrrodriguez
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