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Genital Development
Development of genitals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the types of hypospadia | Glanular: Urethra opens at the inferior surface of glans. Penoscrotal: Down at the base of free penis. Penile: midway opening |
| What causes a double uterus/vagina? | Lack of fusion of paramesonephric ducts and lack of uterine septum to disappear |
| What is the mesonepheric ridge derived from? | Intermediate mesoderm |
| What develops in the mesonephric ridge region? | Mesonephric duct |
| What develops in the gonadal ridge? | Gonads. There is a thickening of the epithelium in the genital ridge |
| What happns in the urogenital ridge? | Migrating neural crest cells. thickening medial to the genital ridge where the adrenal gland will be. |
| What does the adrenal gland produce? Medulla? | Adreneline. The cells that produce and secrete adrenaline act as if they are postsynaptic. They secrete in response to presynaptice fibers from thorax |
| What does the cortex produce? | There are corticoids and testosterone |
| Describe the germ cells | Eventually going to be egg or sperm, if they get lost they can become tetratomas |
| How do the germ cells migrate? | Along the allontois, around the cloaca, through hindgut, dorsal mesentery, then to gonadal ridge |
| Describe the primitive sex chords of male and female | Cords of the cortex persist in females, Medulla persist in males |
| What does the medullary cords develop into in males? | Rete testis |
| Where are the follicular cells in the female? | They make a follicle around the primary oocytes |
| What degenerates to become the proper ligament of the ovary and the round ligament? | Mesonephric duct |
| What is another name for mullerian duct? | Paramesonephric duct |
| what do the paramonephric ducts do in female? | They join together but not quite closed to form the cervix |
| What is at the end of the uterovaginal plate? | Hymen |
| What is another name for the mesonephric duct? | Wolfian duct |
| What does the wolfian duct become in the female? | Ovarian ligament proper and the round ligament of the uterus |
| What factor is th Y chromosome referred to as? | Testis determining factor |
| If the gonad contains the Y chromosome then what are the cells it develops? | Sertoli cells |
| What hormone does the sertoli cells produce? | Antimullerian hormone: prevents further development of the mullerian ducts |
| What population of cells does AMH cause? | Leydig cells |
| What do leydig cells produce? | Testosterone |
| What is the 1st population of leydig cells responsible for? | Maintaing the wolfian duct |
| Waht is the 2nd population of leydig cells responsible for? | Spermatogenesis |
| When do the testis cords become hallow? | At puberty |
| What do the paragenital tubules develop into? | Epididymis |
| What do the mesonephric tubules develop into? | The efferent ducts |
| What do the genital swellings develop into? | The labia majora or scrotum |
| What do cells have in the perineal area that are responsible for testosterone conversion? | 5 alpha reductase that converts testosterone to DHT |
| What does the DHT lead to? | there are DHT receptors that when bound will result in the development of secondary characteristics |
| When the phallus elongates what happens? | There is going to be a urethral fold |
| What happens to the urethral groove and where is it? | It is at the base of the penis and it gets zipped up by urethral raphe. There is also scrotal raphe that zips up the scrotum |
| What is the urethral fold similar to in the female? | The labia minora |
| What does the urethral plate at the base of the penis do? | It pushes itself it |
| What is the secondary groove? | It is an indentation of the primary groove. The urethral folds come and zip the whole thing up |
| What does the bulbourethral gland do? | Produce secretions |
| Where do seminal vesicles secrete? | Into the urethra |
| What does the glanular urethra from from? | a second population and so we end up with a wider section of the urethra referred to as the navicular fossa |
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