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understand the body
understanding the human body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | made up of chemicals that combine to form tissue |
| nerve cells | usually have long, thin extensions that can transmit nerve impulses over a distance |
| epithelial cells | thin, flat, and tightly packed so that they form a protective layer over underlying cells |
| muscle cells | slender rods that attach at the ends of the structures they move |
| cell membrane | outer covering of the cell |
| nucleus | central portion of the cell |
| cytoplasm | surrounds the nucleus, the substance that performs the work of the cell |
| chromosomes | bearers of genes, made of deoxyribonucleic acid |
| tissues | groups of cells that work together to perform the same task |
| connective tissue | holds body parts together and connects them |
| epithelial tissue | covers the internal and external body surfaces |
| muscle tissue | expands and contracts, allowing the body to move |
| nervous tissue | carries messages from all parts of the body to and from the brain and spinal cord |
| organs | groups of tissue that work together to perform a specific function |
| systems | groups of organs working together to perform one of the body's major functions |
| dorsal cavity | on the back side of the body, is divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity |
| ventral cavity | on the front side of the body, is separated into two parts by the diaphragm. |
| anterior (ventral) | front side of the body |
| posterior (dorsal) | back side of the body |
| inferior | below another structure |
| superior | above another structure |
| lateral | to the side |
| medial | middle or near the medial plane of the body |
| deep | through the surface |
| superficial | on or near the surface |
| proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk |
| distal | away from the point of attachment to the trunk |
| supine | lying on one's spine facing upward |
| prone | lying on one's stomach facing downward |
| sagittal plane | divides the body into two parts, right and left |
| frontal (coronal) plane | divides the body into anterior and posterior sections |
| transverse plane | divides the body horizontally into a top and bottom |
| epigastric region | area above the stomach |
| hypochondriac regions (left and right) | regions just below the ribs |
| umbilical region | region surrounding the umbilicus (navel) |
| lumbar regions (left and right) | regions near the waist |
| hypogastric region | area just below the umbilical region |
| iliac, or inguinal, regions (left and right) | two regions near the upper portion of the hip bone |
| right upper quadrant (RUQ) | on the right anterior side, contains part of the liver, the gallbladder and parts of the pancreas and intestinal tract |
| left upper quadrant (LUQ) | on the left anterior side, contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines |
| right lower quadrant (RLQ) | on the right anterior side, contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, reproductive organs in the female, and urinary tract |
| left lower quadrant (LLQ) | on the left anterior side, contains parts of the intestines, reproductive organs in the female, and the urinary tract |
Created by:
schoojl