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understand the body
understanding the human body
Question | Answer |
---|---|
cells | made up of chemicals that combine to form tissue |
nerve cells | usually have long, thin extensions that can transmit nerve impulses over a distance |
epithelial cells | thin, flat, and tightly packed so that they form a protective layer over underlying cells |
muscle cells | slender rods that attach at the ends of the structures they move |
cell membrane | outer covering of the cell |
nucleus | central portion of the cell |
cytoplasm | surrounds the nucleus, the substance that performs the work of the cell |
chromosomes | bearers of genes, made of deoxyribonucleic acid |
tissues | groups of cells that work together to perform the same task |
connective tissue | holds body parts together and connects them |
epithelial tissue | covers the internal and external body surfaces |
muscle tissue | expands and contracts, allowing the body to move |
nervous tissue | carries messages from all parts of the body to and from the brain and spinal cord |
organs | groups of tissue that work together to perform a specific function |
systems | groups of organs working together to perform one of the body's major functions |
dorsal cavity | on the back side of the body, is divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity |
ventral cavity | on the front side of the body, is separated into two parts by the diaphragm. |
anterior (ventral) | front side of the body |
posterior (dorsal) | back side of the body |
inferior | below another structure |
superior | above another structure |
lateral | to the side |
medial | middle or near the medial plane of the body |
deep | through the surface |
superficial | on or near the surface |
proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk |
distal | away from the point of attachment to the trunk |
supine | lying on one's spine facing upward |
prone | lying on one's stomach facing downward |
sagittal plane | divides the body into two parts, right and left |
frontal (coronal) plane | divides the body into anterior and posterior sections |
transverse plane | divides the body horizontally into a top and bottom |
epigastric region | area above the stomach |
hypochondriac regions (left and right) | regions just below the ribs |
umbilical region | region surrounding the umbilicus (navel) |
lumbar regions (left and right) | regions near the waist |
hypogastric region | area just below the umbilical region |
iliac, or inguinal, regions (left and right) | two regions near the upper portion of the hip bone |
right upper quadrant (RUQ) | on the right anterior side, contains part of the liver, the gallbladder and parts of the pancreas and intestinal tract |
left upper quadrant (LUQ) | on the left anterior side, contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines |
right lower quadrant (RLQ) | on the right anterior side, contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, reproductive organs in the female, and urinary tract |
left lower quadrant (LLQ) | on the left anterior side, contains parts of the intestines, reproductive organs in the female, and the urinary tract |