In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: smallest structural and functional untiAnswer: cell Question: flexible outer boundary, of lipids and proteinsAnswer: plasma Question: intracellular fluid containing Answer: cytoplasm Question: center of cellAnswer: nucleus Question: important for structureAnswer: Question: various signaling and functionsAnswer: Question: function: , receptors or enzymes, attach to cytoskeleton or other cellsAnswer: membrane Question: 3 of membrane junctionsAnswer: tight, desmosome, Question: impermeable junctionAnswer: tight Question: anchoring membrane , binds cellsAnswer: Question: communicating membrane Answer: gap Question: transportAnswer: membrane is selectively Question: no cellular energy(ATP) required, moves down concentration Answer: transport Question: type of passive Answer: Question: the of water across selectively permeable membraneAnswer: , occurs until equilibrium is reached Question: measure of total concentration of particlesAnswer: osmolarity Question: where the solute concentration is to cytosolAnswer: Question: where the solute concentration is greater than Answer: hypertonic, Question: concentration is less than cytosolAnswer: hypotonic, Question: requires carrier proteins, moves against gradient, uses energy(ATP) to move Answer: active Question: transport of large particles, macromolecules and fluids plasma membrane, requires energy(ATP)Answer: vesicular Question: 2 of vesicular transportAnswer: and endocytosis Question: powerhouse of cell, provides most of cells ATP, has it's own DNA and Answer: mitochondria Question: endomembrane containsAnswer: nuclear envelope, rER, golgi body, , lysosomes Question: contain protein and rRNA, site of protein Answer: Question: tubes, continuous with nuclear membraneAnswer: endoplasmic Question: and transport of proteins, has ribosomesAnswer: rough ER Question: site of steroid and lipid , no ribosomesAnswer: ER Question: UPS of cell, modifies, concentrates and packages proteins and Answer: golgi Question: cell stomach, contains digestive Answer: lysosomes Question: of rods, important for vesicle transport and cell movementAnswer: cytoskeleton Question: tough rope-like fibers, resist pulling on cell, attach to desmosomesAnswer: intermediate Question: dynamic hollow tubes, radiate from , determines shape of cell and placement of organellesAnswer: Question: 2 of cellular extensions, whip-like extensions on surfaces of cellsAnswer: cilia and Question: moves substances across cell Answer: cilia Question: whole cells (sperm)Answer: Question: brain of cell, blueprints for cellular , signals for protein synthesisAnswer: nucleus Question: -membrane barrier with poresAnswer: envelope Question: cell Answer: changes from of cell until it reproduces Question: interphaseAnswer: from cell formation to cell division Question: subphases of Answer: G1 for , S for DNA synthesis, G2 for growth and prepping for division Question: DNA Answer: DNA helices unwind from nuclesomes, leicase enzyme untwists helix Question: strandAnswer: each is a template for building a new complementary strand for DNA Question: replisomeAnswer: site of DNA Question: DNA Answer: only in one direction Question: semi-conservative DNA Answer: continuous leading strand is synthesized
discontinuous lagging strand is synthesized in segments
DNA ligase splices together short segments of discontinuous strand
=2 DNA molecules from original Question: phaseAnswer: cell Question: 4 stages of Answer: prophase, , anaphase, telophase Question: cytokinesisAnswer: division of cytoplasm by cleavage Question: chromosomes become visible, each with 2 joined at centromereAnswer: Question: centrosomes separate and toward polesAnswer: prophase Question: mitotic spindles and formAnswer: Question: envelope fragmentsAnswer: Question: kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetichore of centromeres and draws them equatorAnswer: prophase Question: centromeres of are aligned at the equatorAnswer: Question: plateAnswer: plane midway between Question: shortest Answer: anaphase Question: centromeres of split, chromatid becomes chromosomeAnswer: anaphase Question: chromosomes are toward poles by motor proteins of kinetochoresAnswer: anaphase Question: polar continue forcing poles apartAnswer: Question: begins when chromosomes stop Answer: telophase Question: 2 sets of uncoil and form chromatinAnswer: Question: new nuclear membrane around each massAnswer: Question: reappearAnswer: telophase Question: disappearsAnswer: telophase Question: begins during late anaphase, ring of actin microfilaments contracts to form cleavage furrow, 2 cells are pinched apart, each with a nucleus identical to originalAnswer: Question: segment of DNA with for 1 polypeptideAnswer: Question: protein Answer: triplets of bases form genetic library; each triplet specifies coding for one amino acid Question: transfer DNA gene base sequence to a complementary base sequence of Answer: transcription Question: base sequence, Answer: Question: enzyme that oversees synthesis of Answer: RNA Question: 3 steps of Answer: initiation, elongation, Question: RNA polymerase binds to promoter, pries apart 2 DNA strands and initiates mRNA synthesis and start on the template strandAnswer: of transcription Question: RNA polymerase moves along template strand, elongating mRNA transcript one at a time, unwinds DNA double helix and then behind itAnswer: Question: mRNA synthesis ends when termination signal is reached. RNA polymerase and mRNA transcript are releasedAnswer: termination Question: base sequence of nucleic acids into amino acid sequence of proteins (genetic code)Answer: translation Question: involves mRNA, rRNA, and Answer: Question: instructions for building a polypeptideAnswer: Question: structural component of ribosomes, helps message from mRNAAnswer: rRNA Question: bind to amino acids and pair with bases of of mRNA and ribosome to begin protein synthesisAnswer: Question: complementary 3 base on mRNAAnswer: codon Question: used to nucleic acids to a specific amino acidAnswer: genetic Question: Answer: mRNA attaches to small ribosomal subunit, moves along mRNA to start codon
large ribosomal unit attaches, forms functional ribosomes
anticodon of tRNA binds to its complementary codon and adds its acid to the forming protein chain Question: translationAnswer: anticodon of tRNA binds to its complementary codon and adds its amino acid to the forming protein chain
new amino acids are added by other tRNAs as the ribosome moves along rRNA until it reaches stop Question: role of rER in synthesisAnswer: mRNA-ribosome complex is directed to rER by signal recognition particle
forming protein enters ER
sugar groups may be added to and alter shape
protein is enclosed in a vesicle for transport to golgi body Question: protein coding RNA from being translatedAnswer: RNAs Question: small RNAs that interfere with made by certain exonsAnswer: micro |
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