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Chapter 3
AP Human Geo
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cyclic movement | regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place; a form of movement |
| Activity spaces | places within the rounds of daily activity |
| Snowbirds | retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter |
| Pastoralism | a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find freshwater and green pastures |
| Transhumance | migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze |
| Relocation diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
| International migration | purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
| Emigrants | a person who permanently moves out of their home country |
| Immigrants | a person who permanently moves into a new country |
| Net migration | difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants |
| Refugees | migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country |
| Remittances | money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income countries |
| Reverse remittances | money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries |
| Guest workers | migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa |
| Islands of development | cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn |
| Internal migration | purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
| Diaspora | dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force |
| Assimilation | when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture; can happen voluntarily or by force |
| Human trafficking | a form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade |
| Gulags | forced labor or prison labor camps; most often associated with authoritarian countries |
| Distance decay | decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth |
| Gravity model | urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) |
| Push factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country |
| Pull factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate |
| Intervening opportunity | presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a sight farther away |
| Unauthorized or undocumented migrants | migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live; unauthorized migrants can be those who enter a country legally, as authorized with a visa, and then stay when the visa expires |
| Coyotes Repatriation Asylum seekers Internally displaced persons (IDP’s) Bracero Program | people who smuggle other people across the border for a sizable fee |
| Chain migration | permanent movement from once place to another that follows kinship links |
| Repatriation | a refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization |
| Asylum seekers | migrants who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country |
| Internally displaced persons (IDP’s) | people who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries |
| Bracero Program | laws and agreements passed in the US and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture |
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