Nervous System/Tissu Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| What derives from the neural tube? Neural crest? | Neural Tube: CNS. Neural Crest: PNS |
| What is the CNS divided into? PNS? | CNS: Divided into Brain and Spinal Cord. PNS: Divided into ganglia and peripheral nerves |
| What does neurons refer to? What are the parts? | Neurons are the cell and all of its parts. The receiving end is called the dendrites and a transmission end is called the axon. |
| Can axons be long and short? | YES |
| Where can long axons exist? | In both the CNS and PNS |
| Where can short axons exist? | Only in the CNS |
| What defines the boundary of the CNS and PNS? | Axon myelin |
| What system is the Schwann cell located? Oligodendrocyte? | PNS: Schwann cell. CNS: Oligodendrocyte. |
| Name some things the PNS is composed of | Spinal nerves, cranial nerves,satellite cells |
| Do motor axons leave or enter the CNS? | Motor axons leave the CNS and sensory axons enter the CNS |
| What are satellite cells homologous to in the CNS? | To glial cells (astrocytes) |
| What does the somatic system deal with? | Voluntary muscles and skin |
| What does the autonomic system deal with? | Smooth muscle, organs and glands |
| What does the enteric nervous system? | Enormous amount of neurons associated with the gut |
| What is meant by robotic neurons? | They are not the basis for intellect or plasticity |
| How do neurons communicate? | Majority is chemical then there are electrical (gap junctions) electrically coupled |
| What do glial cells provide? | Specialized metabolic support |
| What are ependyma cells? | Line the ventricles of the brain. Ventricles are fluid filled cavities |
| What is the vasculature involved in the brain? | Oxygen, glucose and blood brain barrier |
| Name some features of neurons | Signaling and information processing, most neurons do not divide in adults (no repair) |
| What is in the cell body of neurons? | Nucleus, nucleolus, cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic reticulum |
| What are NISSL bodies? | Unique to neuronal cells |
| How is melanin related to Parkinson's disease? | Melanin is found in a nucleus of the brain called the substanta nigra associated with Parkinson's disease |
| Where do axons tend to synaspe? | On dendrites and transmit information to other neurons and targets |
| What color does the cell body(soma) stain? | Euchromatic nucleus, stains lightly, uncoiled DNA |
| Are neurons multipolar? | Yes, each dendritic branch coming off is considered to be a pole and the axon is considered to be another pole |
| What are Golgi Type 1 axons? Golgi Type 2? | Type 1 is long axons and Type 2 is short axons |
| What type of axons do white matter have? | Myelinated axons |
| What does gray matter have to contain? | Neurons |
| In the brain are the axons deep to the gray matter? | Yes, the gray matter is on the outer part |
| In the spinal cord are the axons deep to the gray matter? | No, Gray matter are deep to the axons. The outer part is white matter |
| What is antergrade transport in neurons? | From the cell body to dendrites along axon (Kinesin) |
| Waht is the retrograde transport in neurons? | From the axon to cell body (Dynein) |
| What factors are involved in retrograde transport? | Mitochondria, vesicles and trophic factors |
| What are trophic factors? | Other proteins that may be release from post-synapic cells that are picked up by endocytosis by pre-synaptic cells and transported back to nucleus |
| What can be described as fast? | Membrane associated proteins, vesicles, mitochondria, neuorfilaments and kinesin |
| What can be described as slow? | Cytoskeletal, axoplasmic proteins and kinesins too |
| Where is the axon hillock? What does it do? Do organelles stay very long? | It is between the soma and the axon, where action potentials are generated, no organelles stay very long |
| Describe an Electrical synapse | Gap junctions; connexins involved driven by calcium to open and close |
| Describe exitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters | Excitatory facilitates the generation of an action potential post-synaptically. Inhibitory depresses it |
| Do both presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic terminal contain vesicles? | Presynaptic does and postsynaptic does not |
| What leads to fusion of vesicles with the presynaptic membrane? | Calcium influx |
| When do vesicles release neurotransmitters? Where is it released to? | After fusing they release it into the synapic cleft |
| Name examples of excitatory transmitters? Inhibitory | Excitatory: Acetylcholine and Glutamate. Inhibitory: GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin |
| What is the clathrin protein involved in? | Vesicle recycling |
| Can neuronal cells be isolated without axons? | No |
| Describe upper motor neurons | Located in the cerebral cortex, they synaspe on top of lower motor neurons through interneurons activating the lower motor |
| What happens if you damage an upper motor neuron? | Weakness |
| Describe lower motor neurons | Located in the brain and spinal cord. Leave and synaspe on striated muscle |
| What happens if you damage lower motro neurons? | Paralysis |
| Why are sensory neurons referred to as being pseudounipolor? | They start out bipolar and become unipolar |
| Describe interneurons | The are multipolar, interposed between upper motor and lower motor neurons |
| Where do the dorsal and ventral roots merge? | In the spinal nerve |
| What are purkinje cells exclusive to? | Exclusive to the cerebellum |
| Where are amacrine exclusive to? | Exclusive to retina and contain no axon |
| Where are mitral cells found? | In the olfactory system |
| Where are golgi cells found? | In the cerebellum |
| What are granule cells unique to? | Cerebellum (Predominate in Cerebellum) |
| Is the cerebellum the largest structure in the brain? | No it's 2nd to cerebral cortex |
| What is on the outer molecular layer of the cerebellum? | Purkinje cell dendrites and unmyelinated granule cells |
| What do granule cells synapse on? | The dendrites of purkinje cells |
| Where is protein synthesis occuring? | In the Nissl material |
| What is meant by axotomy? | Axons are crushed |
| Where are the largest neurons located? | In the ventral horn and are lower motor neurons |
| With Weigert stain (silver stain) what color do myelinated axons stain? Gray matter? | Myelinated axons: stain black. Gray matter are unstained |
| Describe interoreceptors | Sensory information from the internal organs or from visceral structures |
| Describe exterorecptors | Deal with the exterior with the body such as taste, pressure, toch, pain, temp.... |
| Describe proprioreceptors | Allow for transmission of information for the location of your limbs and joints in space |
| Name skin receptors associated with touch | Merkel disc and Meissner |
| Name skin receptors associated with pressure | Ruffini and Pacinian |
| Describe the role of astrocytes and types in white and gray matter | Fibrous: White matter. Protoplasmic: Gray matter. Astrocytes are involved in blood brain barrier. Suck up glutamate and separates damaged tissue from healthy tissue |
| Describe microglia | Do not have a nuclear origin. They phagocytize dead neuronal material |
| Describe a difference between oligodendrocyte and schwann cell | Oligo: 1 cell myelinates a portion of many axons. Schwann: 1 cell myelinates a portion of 1 axon |
| True or False: Short axons are myelinated | False |
| True or False: Osmium stains myelin black | True |
| True or False: All PNS axons are myelinated | False. Some are loosely ensheathed by Schwann cells |
| The region between 2 myelin | Internodal |
| Describe Node of Ranvier | Between each myelinated segment where axon potential is regenerated |
| Describe glial limitans | The end feet form a glial to surround entire CNS |
| What are some of the astrocytes betwen blood vessels and neuronal cells responsible for? | For passing nutrients between the vasculature and neuronal cells |
| Name deadly brain tumors derived from glial cells | Glioblastoma, Astrocytoma |
| True or False: Ventricular canals are found in adults | False, only found in fetus |
| True or False: Ependyma+pia+vessels=choroid plexus | True |
| Describe tubes of Schwann cells | When there is cell damage, facilitate peripheral axonal regeneration called Bands of Bunder or Fiber bands |
| Describe the outer most layer of CNS | Dura matter, thick, inelastic |
| Describe the Arachnoid Membrane | Only on surface of the brain, attached to dura and trabecula. connect to pia. Has arachnoid processes |
| True or False: Pia can be peeled off the brain | False. Pia follows the contour of the brain |
| What happens when an axon is cut? | Dispersion of Nissl material, then it starts to regenerate |
Created by:
Kahiranoel@gmail.com
Popular Histology sets