Nerve Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| CNS | Central nervous system; brain & spinal cord |
| PNS | Peripheral nervous system |
| Somatic nervous system is: | Voluntary |
| Autonomic nervous system is: | Involuntary |
| Gray matter contains: | Mostly nerve cell bodies |
| White matter contains: | Mostly nerve fibers |
| What are the 3 groups of nervous system tissues? | Neuronal cell bodies & processes, glial cells & processes, myelin sheath |
| Neuron is made up of: | A cell body (perikaryon) w/ nucleus, axons & dendrites; large cells 4-135μm |
| The nucleus of a neuron contains: | Predominantly euchromatin & large nucleolus |
| Neuroglia is: | supporting network for CNS |
| 4 types of glial cells: | Oligodendroglia, astroglia, microglia, ependymal cells, Mallory PTAH, Holzer |
| Oligodendroglia are: | small, produce myelin sheath, most numerous type |
| Astrocytes: | Protoplasmic in gray matter, fibrous in white matter, support nerve fiber tracts, exchange fluids, gases, form areas of gliosis, Cajal |
| Nissl substance: | tigroid substance, chromidal substance, basophilic in cytoplasm, aggregates of rough ER, Cresyl echt violets |
| Chromatolysis is: | Loss of Nissl substance due to damage/injury |
| Microglia are: | fixed phagocytic cells in brain & spinal cord, rarely stain for |
| Ependymal cells are: | epithelial cells of ventricles & spinal canal, form BBB |
| Myelin: | white fatty axon sheath, lost in paraffin processing, only neurokeratin remains, formed by oligodendroglia in CNS, formed by Scwann cells in PNS, Weil, LFB |
| In the event of damage or disease that breaks down the myelin sheath: | a simple lipid replacement is formed |
| Myelin is commonly stained for using what? | LFB & iron hematoxylin |
| Cresyl echt violet (Luna & Vacca) facts | To ID neurons, demo chromatolysis, 10% NBF 6-8 μm QC: spinal cord |
| Cresyl echt violet (Luna) solutions | Cresyl echt violet + dH2O + Canada balsam-xylene |
| Cresyl echt violet (Luna) results | Nissl substance, nuclei: blue to purple - background: colorless |
| Cresyl echt violet (Vacca) solutions | Cresyl echt violet pH 2.5 + glacial acetic acid + dH2O + abs. alcohol |
| Cresyl echt violet (Vacca) results | Nissl substance, nuclei: blue-purple - background: colorless |
| Holmes silver nitrate & Bodian methods purpose | Demo nerve fibers, nerve endings, & neurofibrils |
| Holmes silver nitrate method facts | 10% NBF 10-15 μm QC: cerebral cortex |
| Holmes silver nitrate method solutions | AgNO3 w/ boric acid, borate, & pyridine + AgNO3 + gold chloride + sodium thiosulfate + hydroquinone w/ sodium sulfite (red.) + oxalic acid |
| Holmes silver nitrate method results | axons, nerve fibers, neurofibrils: black - other: light gray to blue |
| Bodian method facts | 10% NBF 6-8 μm QC: peripheral nerve or cerebral cortex |
| Bodian method solutions | Protargol S (silver proteinate) + gold chloride + sodium thiosulfate + copper ("destain" connective) + hydroquinone+formaldehyde (red.) + oxalic acid + aniline blue |
| Bodian method results | nerve fibers, nuclei: black - background: light gray or blue |
| Aniline blue for Bodian solution | aniline blue + oxalic acid + phosphomolybdic acid + dH2O |
| Aqua regia solution | HCl + nitric acid |
| Glassware for Bodian method must first be cleaned with? | Aquia regia, extremely hazardous |
| Bielschowsky-PAS stain, microwave modification of Bielschowsky, & Sevier-Munger modification of Bielschowsky purpose | Demo presence of neurofibrillary tangles (disease) & senile plaques of Alzheimer's |
| Bielschowsky-PAS stain facts | 10% NBF 8-10 µm QC: CNS tissue, plaques & tangles if possible |
| Bielschowsky-PAS stain solutions | AgNO3 + ammoniacal silver 20% + gold chloride + sodium thiosulfate + developer + periodic acid + Schiff |
| Bielschowsky-PAS stain results | neurofibrillary tangles, peripheral neurites of neural plaques: dark black - axons: black - amyloid, lipofuscin: magenta |
| Microwave modification of Bielschowsky facts | 10% NBF 8 µm QC: CNS tissue, plaques & tangles if possible |
| Microwave modification of Bielschowsky solutions | AgNO3 + ammoniacal silver + sodium thiosulfate + developer + NH4OH |
| Microwave modification of Bielschowsky results | axons, neurofibrils: brown to black - tangles, plaques: dark brown or black - neuromelanin: black - lipofucsin: brown or black |
| Bielschowsky developer solution | formaldehyde + dH2O + nitric acid + citric acid |
| Bielschowsky ammoniacal silver solution | AgNO3 + NH4OH |
| Sevier-Munger modification of Bielschowsky facts | 10% NBF 6-8 µm QC: CNS tissue |
| Sevier-Munger modification of Bielschowsky solutions | AgNO3 + ammoniacal silver w/ sodium carbonate + sodium thiosulfate + formalin |
| Sevier-Munger modification of Bielschowsky results | nerve endings, neurofibrils, neurofibrillary tangles, peripheral neurites of neuritic plaques: black |
| Mallory PTAH stain & Holzer method facts | Demo glial fibers, gliosis, Holzer better, 10% NBF 6-8 µm QC: cerebral cortex |
| Mallory PTAH stain solutions | PTAH + Lugol Iodine + sodium thiosulfate + potassium permanganate + oxalic acid |
| Mallory PTAH stain results | glial fibers, nuclei, myelin: blue - neurons: salmon |
| PTAH solution | hematoxylin + phosphotungstic acid + dH2O (best aged, ripen immediately w/ potassium permanganate) |
| Holzer method solutions | phosphomolybdic acid-alcohol (mordant) + absolute alcohol-chloroform (differentiate) + crystal violet + potassium bromide + differentiating soln. |
| Holzer method results | glial fibers: blue - background: v. pale blue to colorless |
| Differentiating solution (Holzer) | aniline oil + chloroform + NH4OH |
| Weil method & all Luxol Fast Blue methods purpose | Demo myelin |
| Weil method, Luxol Fast Blue method, & Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Echt violet facts | 10% NBF 10-15 µm QC: spinal cord or medulla Regressive staining |
| Weil method solutions | ferric ammonium sulfate (excess mordant) + alcoholic hematoxylin in dH2O + Na borate-K ferricyanide (excess ox.) |
| Weil method results | myelin sheath: blue to blue-black - background: light tan |
| Luxol Fast Blue method solutions | LFB in alcohol w/ acetic acid + Li2CO3 + 70% |
| Luxol Fast Blue method results | myelin: blue - background: colorless |
| Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Echt violet solutions | LFB in alcohol w/ acetic acid + Li2Co3 + 70% + Cresyl Echt violet |
| Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Echt violet results | myelin: blue - Nissl substance, nuclei: violet |
| Luxol Fast Blue-Holmes silver nitrate method facts | 10% NBF 10-15 µm QC: cerebral cortex |
| Luxol Fast Blue-Holmes silver nitrate method solutions | LFB in alcohol w/ acetic acid + Li2CO3 + AgNO3 w/ boric acid, borate, & pyridine + AgNO3 + gold chloride + sodium thiosulfate + hydroquinone w/ sodium sulfite (red.) + oxalic acid |
| Luxol Fast Blue-Holmes silver nitrate method results | myelin sheaths: blue to green - axons, nerve fibers: black |
| Luxol Fast Blue-PAS-hematoxylin is used to: | Demo myelin & basement membrane |
| Cajal stain facts | Demo astrocytes, mostly replaced by IHC, formalin ammonium bromide, if fixed in NBF, wash & post-fix w/ formalin ammonium bromide frozens 20-30 µm QC: cerebral cortex |
| Cajal stain solutions | gold chloride w/ mercuric chloride (gold sublimate) + sodium thiosulfate |
| Cajal stain results | astrocytes: black background: pink |
| Wallerian degeneration | If axon sustains injury, axon & myelin below injury site are lost |
| Thioflavin S facts | To ID neurofibrillary degenerations 10-20% NBF 6 μm QC: CNS w/ senile plaques |
| Thioflavin S solutions | potassium permanganate (quench autofluorescence) + potassium metabisulfite (quench autofluorescence) + H2O2 (quench autofluorescence) + oxalic acid (remove potassium permanganate) + acetic acid + thioflavin S |
| Thioflavin S results | Alzheimer tangles, plaques, neuropil threads, senile plaque & cerebrovascular amyloid: bright green - diffuse plaques & extracellular tangles: pale yellow green |
| Nerve fibers, nerve endings, neurofibril stains | Bodian, Holmes |
| Neurofibrillary tangles & plaques stains | Bielschowsky-PAS, microwave Bielschowsky, Sevier-Munger Bielschowsky |
| Holzer crystal violet solution | crystal violet + abs. alcohol + chloroform |
| How to remove crystal violet precipitate? | Straight aniline oil |
| Argyrophilic reaction is one where: | Tissue can bind silver ions, but need reducing agent to reduce to visible silver |
| Argentaffin reaction is one where: | Tissue can bind silver ions & reduce to visible silver |
| Purkinje cells: | aka Purkinje neurons, cerebellar cortex, flask-shaped w/ many dendrites |
| PTAH stains tissue components: | Red-brown/salmon, components lose color if prolonged water/alcohol washing, dehydrate rapidly after staining |
| Page's Eriochrome Cyanine R purpose | Demo myelin |
Created by:
CCF
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