Chapter 5 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
polis | city-state, the basic political unit in Greece |
acropolis | a walled, high area around which a polis was typically build |
agora | marketplace, usually found below a polis's acropolis |
helots | state slaves of Sparta who farmed so that the Spartans could train for war |
hoplites | Spartan foot soldiers |
hubris | great pride that often led heroes to tragic ends |
democracy | government run by the people |
Solon | Athenian lawmaker who revised laws and created an elected council to help govern, the first step towards democracy |
tyrant | a leader who seizes power by force and claims to rule for the good of the people |
Cleisthenes | Athenian reformer, often called "the father of democracy' |
direct democracy | system of government in which all people vote directly on an issue |
archon | elected official who acted as the head of both the assembly and the Council of 500 |
phalanx | a tight rectangle formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of their shields |
Pericles | military and political leader of Athens who is credited with most of the rebuilding of the city after the Persian War |
Socrates | first of the great Athenian philosophers, believed that working through a series of questions led people to discover the basic nature of life |
Plato | great philosopher and student of Socrates, wrote about government and other topics, founded the Academy |
Aristotle | great philosopher who studied at the Academy, used philosophy to pursue every kind of knowledge |
reason | clear and ordered thinking |
logic | the process of making inferences |
Homer | legendary poet from the 800s BC who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey |
lyric poetry | poetry which was sung with the accompaniment of an instrument called a lyre |
Herodotus | first major historian; lived during the wars with Persia and wrote about them |
Thucydides | historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War |
Alexander the Great | Macedonian leader who ruled Greece and conquered Persia |
Hellenistic | Greeklike; describes a culture that was no longer purely Greek, but includes elements from Persia, Egypt, Central Asia, and other regions |
Euclid | Egyptian who formulated many of the geometry ideas we still learn today |
Eratosthenes | Egyptian scientist who calculated the size of the world, arriving at a figure remarkably close to the actual circumference of the globe |
Archimedes | one of the ancient world's greatest inventors, used mathematics and physics to create devices that would make life easier |
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