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Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| polis | city-state, the basic political unit in Greece |
| acropolis | a walled, high area around which a polis was typically build |
| agora | marketplace, usually found below a polis's acropolis |
| helots | state slaves of Sparta who farmed so that the Spartans could train for war |
| hoplites | Spartan foot soldiers |
| hubris | great pride that often led heroes to tragic ends |
| democracy | government run by the people |
| Solon | Athenian lawmaker who revised laws and created an elected council to help govern, the first step towards democracy |
| tyrant | a leader who seizes power by force and claims to rule for the good of the people |
| Cleisthenes | Athenian reformer, often called "the father of democracy' |
| direct democracy | system of government in which all people vote directly on an issue |
| archon | elected official who acted as the head of both the assembly and the Council of 500 |
| phalanx | a tight rectangle formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of their shields |
| Pericles | military and political leader of Athens who is credited with most of the rebuilding of the city after the Persian War |
| Socrates | first of the great Athenian philosophers, believed that working through a series of questions led people to discover the basic nature of life |
| Plato | great philosopher and student of Socrates, wrote about government and other topics, founded the Academy |
| Aristotle | great philosopher who studied at the Academy, used philosophy to pursue every kind of knowledge |
| reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| logic | the process of making inferences |
| Homer | legendary poet from the 800s BC who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| lyric poetry | poetry which was sung with the accompaniment of an instrument called a lyre |
| Herodotus | first major historian; lived during the wars with Persia and wrote about them |
| Thucydides | historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian leader who ruled Greece and conquered Persia |
| Hellenistic | Greeklike; describes a culture that was no longer purely Greek, but includes elements from Persia, Egypt, Central Asia, and other regions |
| Euclid | Egyptian who formulated many of the geometry ideas we still learn today |
| Eratosthenes | Egyptian scientist who calculated the size of the world, arriving at a figure remarkably close to the actual circumference of the globe |
| Archimedes | one of the ancient world's greatest inventors, used mathematics and physics to create devices that would make life easier |
Created by:
tinsleylett
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