Ch. 6 Muscles Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
Excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
Elasticity | ability to recoil to original resting length after been stretched |
Epimysium | connective tissue sheath surrounded by each skeletal muscle |
Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium; surrounds and separates the muscles |
Perimysium | loose connective sheath that surrounds muscle fasciculi |
endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber |
myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
Actin myofilaments | thin and resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
myosin myofilaments | thick and resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
Sarcomere | highly ordered units formed from actin and myosin. Extends from one Z line to another Z line |
resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
neuromuscular junction | also called a synapse and forms when each branch connects to the muscle |
motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
synaptic vesicles | located in the presynaptic terminal and secrete a neurotransmitter |
acetylcholine | neurotransmitter and it diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal |
exocytosis | process when an action potential reaches the nerve terminal, it causes the synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft |
acetylcholinesterase | enzymatic breakdown that happens when acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell |
sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin past myosin during contraction |
muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
threshold | a level the stimulus has to reach in order for the muscle fiber to respond to the stimulus |
lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
contraction phase | the time of contraction |
relaxation phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
tetany | when the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the stored creatine phosphate stored in muscle cells |
muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells |
isometric | length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during contraction |
isotonic | amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes |
muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
fast-twitch fibers | contract and fatigue quickly |
slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
origin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
belly | portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion |
synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
antagonist | muscles that work together in opposition to one another |
prime mover | among group of synergists, one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes crows feet wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
levator labii superioris | sneering |
depressor anguli oris | frowning |
mastication | chewing |
intrinsic tongue muscles | changes the shape of the tongue |
extrinsic tongue muscles | moves the tongue |
sternocleidomastiod | lateral neck muscle and prime mover; rotates and abducts the head |
platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck |
erector spinae | Group of muscles on each side of the back; responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
linea alba | tendinous area of the abdominal wall that extends from the sternum through the navel to the pubis |
trapezius | rotates the scapula |
serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
pectoralis major | abducts and flexes the arm |
latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and the clavicle and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
brachialis | flexes forearm |
brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
Created by:
Tessa22
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